Lanzarote is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous island) elects one senator. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.; ; . Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Senators Senators for Lanzarote 1977– Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 1 1st 1979 1 2nd 1982 1 3rd 1986 1 4th 1989 1 5th 1993 1 6th 1996 1 7th 2000 1 8th 2004 1 9th 2008 1 10th 2011 1 11th 2015 1 12th 2016 1 13th 2019 (Apr) 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 1 15th 2023 1

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 21,618 38.37 +7.30 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 13,822 24.53 +4.72 0 ±0 Canarian Coalition (CCa)1 7,449 13.22 n/a 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 5,663 10.05 +0.17 0 ±0 Unite Canaries (Sumar Canarias)2 5,505 9.77 −5.16 0 ±0 New Canaries–Canarian Bloc (NC–BC)1 1,332 2.36 n/a 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 118 0.21 −0.02 0 ±0 Blank ballots 830 1.47 −0.15 Total 56,339 1 ±0 Valid votes 56,339 96.78 −0.40 Invalid votes 1,874 3.22 +0.40 Votes cast / turnout 58,213 55.71 +4.38 Abstentions 46,282 44.29 −4.38 Registered voters 104,495 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 15,400 31.07 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 9,821 19.81 0 ±0 Canarian Coalition–New Canaries (CCa–PNC–NC)1 7,747 15.63 0 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU) 6,518 13.15 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 4,898 9.88 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 2,333 4.71 0 ±0 More Country–Equo (Más País–Equo) 881 1.78 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 800 1.61 0 ±0 Canaries Now (ANC–UP) 172 0.35 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 113 0.23 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Canarian People (PCPC) 83 0.17 0 ±0 Blank ballots 802 1.62 Total 49,569 1 ±0 Valid votes 49,569 97.18 Invalid votes 1,436 2.82 Votes cast / turnout 51,005 51.33 Abstentions 48,363 48.67 Registered voters 99,368 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea PSOE 15,910 28.19 • Luis Celestino Arráez Guadalupe CCa–PNC 9,838 17.43 • Remigio Joel Delgado Cáceres PP 9,463 16.77 • Jorge Miguel Peñas Lozano Podemos–IU–Equo 8,252 14.62 • Noemí del Pino Ramírez Rodríguez Cs 4,641 8.22 • Fernando Bermejo Reales Vox 3,139 5.56 • Yone Xarach Caraballo Medina NCa 2,205 3.91 • Bárbara Fernández Granda PACMA 1,167 2.07 • Laureano Álvarez Delgado UPLanzarote 456 0.81 • Nuria Esther Cedrés Perdomo ANC–UP 181 0.32 • Concepción Jiménez Rodríguez Recortes Cero–GV 153 0.27 • Francisca Carmen Sánchez Mácias PCPC 67 0.12 Blank ballots 954 1.69 Total 56,429 Valid votes 56,429 96.62 Invalid votes 1,976 3.38 Votes cast / turnout 58,405 59.19 Abstentions 40,263 40.81 Registered voters 98,668 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Remigio Joel Delgado Cáceres PP 13,146 26.75 • Ariagona González Pérez PSOE–NCa 11,846 24.10 • Juan Antonio Valencia Naranjo Podemos–IU–Equo 10,095 20.54 • Marciano Acuña Betancor CCa–PNC 7,805 15.88 • María Moreira León C's 4,106 8.35 • Ana Isabel Díaz Cruces PACMA 939 1.91 • Neido Manuel González Álvarez Recortes Cero–GV 162 0.33 • Antonia María de los Ángeles León Armas Vox 101 0.21 • Jorge García-Aráez Martín-Montalvo PCPC 85 0.17 Blank ballots 860 1.75 Total 49,145 Valid votes 49,145 96.53 Invalid votes 1,767 3.47 Votes cast / turnout 50,912 54.38 Abstentions 42,710 45.62 Registered voters 93,622 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % José Ramón Galindo González Podemos 10,973 22.32 • Ariagona González Pérez PSOE–NCa 10,644 21.65 • Oscar Manuel Luzardo Fuentes PP 9,888 20.11 • Marciano Acuña Betancor CCa–PNC 9,253 18.82 • María del Carmen Pellón Rodríguez C's 4,489 9.13 • José Díaz Díaz IUC–UPeC 1,274 2.59 • Ana Isabel Díaz Cruces PACMA 964 1.96 • Ismael Jesús Sánchez Melián UPyD 157 0.32 • Neido Manuel González Álvarez Recortes Cero–GV 134 0.27 • Jorge García-Aráez Martín-Montalvo PCPC 65 0.13 Blank ballots 1,331 2.71 Total 49,172 Valid votes 49,172 95.69 Invalid votes 2,215 4.31 Votes cast / turnout 51,387 55.53 Abstentions 41,159 44.47 Registered voters 92,546 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Oscar Manuel Luzardo Fuentes PP 15,470 37.15 • Orlando Enrique Suárez Curbelo PSOE 10,975 26.36 • Pedro Manuel Sanginés Gutiérrez CC–NC–PNC 10,364 24.89 • José Manuel Vázquez Rodríguez IUC–CxI–PSyEP 1,351 3.24 • Ignacio Sáenz de Santa María Elizalde UPyD 786 1.89 • Gabriel Ángel Suárez Cabrera eQuo 605 1.45 • Martín Moreno Brito PUM+J 211 0.51 Blank ballots 1,880 4.51 Total 41,642 Valid votes 41,642 94.65 Invalid votes 2,352 5.35 Votes cast / turnout 43,994 52.38 Abstentions 39,993 47.62 Registered voters 83,987 Sources

2008 + Summary of the 9 March 2008 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Marcos Francisco Hernández Guillén PSOE 17,118 37.24 • Jesús Casimiro Machín Duque CC–PNC–PIL 13,357 29.06 • Astrid María Pérez Batista PP 10,904 23.72 • Ginés de Quintana Cabrera AC25M 773 1.68 • María Isabel Martinón López NC–CCN 683 1.49 • Francisco Martínez Ferreira IUC 613 1.33 • Pedro Melquiades Hernández Camacho ISAL 449 0.98 • Diego Luis Casas García PACMA 315 0.69 • María del Carmen Gloria Calero Fernández PUM+J 195 0.42 • María del Pilar Peláez Arasa LV 157 0.34 • Ignacio Sáenz de Santa María Elizalde UPyD 154 0.34 • Nelson Roque Vega Gutiérrez UP 126 0.27 • José Luis Morales Castillo LV–GV 113 0.25 • Antonio de Jesús Quevedo Navarro ANC 52 0.11 • Agustín Julio Prieto Aguilar PH 42 0.09 • María Adoración Carpintero Cidad POSI 29 0.06 • Ezequiel Rial-Abraldes Lobatón FE–JONS 21 0.05 • Jesús Joaquín Betancor Valdez MUPC 18 0.04 • Carlos Javier Lorenzo Santana PCPC 18 0.04 • Eduardo José Hernández López CTC 16 0.03 • Iñaki Fernández Calvo PFyV 13 0.03 • Laura María Santana González PSD 6 0.01 Blank ballots 795 1.73 Total 45,967 Valid votes 45,967 96.47 Invalid votes 1,680 3.53 Votes cast / turnout 47,647 59.25 Abstentions 32,774 40.75 Registered voters 80,421 Sources

2004 + Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Marcos Francisco Hernández Guillén PSOE 13,625 32.23 • Juan Pedro Hernández Rodríguez PIL 11,457 27.10 • Federico Toledo Guadalupe PP 9,850 23.30 • Emilia María Morales Martín AC25M 5,360 12.68 • María de los Ángeles Ferrera Fernández LV–GV 454 1.07 • Delia María Hernández Camacho CAyC 233 0.55 • Juan Manuel de León Robayna CDS 105 0.25 • Antonio Esteban Afonso Martel DN 23 0.05 • Luis Miguel Ruiz de Asúa Moro CTC 19 0.04 Blank ballots 1,148 2.72 Total 42,274 Valid votes 42,274 96.83 Invalid votes 1,386 3.17 Votes cast / turnout 43,660 58.05 Abstentions 31,554 41.95 Registered voters 75,214 Sources

2000 + Summary of the 12 March 2000 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Dimas Martín Martín PIL 13,528 37.36 • Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea PSOE–p 8,308 22.94 • Cándido Armas Rodríguez CC 6,525 18.02 • Alejandro José Díaz Hernández PP 6,094 16.83 • José Antonio González Hernández IUC 842 2.33 • Fernando Cabrera Tarrago PH 93 0.26 • Andrés Manuel Perera Candelaria FE 25 0.07 Blank ballots 799 2.21 Total 36,214 Valid votes 36,214 97.13 Invalid votes 1,071 2.87 Votes cast / turnout 37,285 52.18 Abstentions 34,168 47.82 Registered voters 71,453 Sources

1996 + Summary of the 3 March 1996 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Cándido Armas Rodríguez PIL 13,161 37.57 • Nicolás de Páiz Pereyra PP 10,615 30.30 • Víctor Manuel Betancor de León PSOE 8,690 24.81 • José Antonio González Hernández IUC 1,827 5.22 Blank ballots 738 2.11 Total 35,031 Valid votes 35,031 97.39 Invalid votes 938 2.61 Votes cast / turnout 35,969 62.19 Abstentions 21,866 37.81 Registered voters 57,835 Sources

1993