Nehemiah 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 14th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and the book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles,Babylonian Talmud Baba Bathra 15a, apud Fensham 1982, p. 2 but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE (the so-called "Chronicler") is the final author of these books. This chapter recounts how the Jews had to militarize the building of the wall due to the constant threat from their enemies.
Text The original text of this chapter is in Hebrew. In English bibles, this chapter is divided into 23 verses, but in Hebrew texts 4:1-6 is numbered 3:33-38, and 4:7-23 is numbered 4:1-17.Note [a] on Nehemiah 4:1 in NIV
Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).
Derision (4:1–3) When the restoration of the Jerusalem walls was advanced, Sanballat and his allies intensified the attacks beyond the scorn first mentioned in .
Verse 1 But it came to pass, that when Sanballat heard that we builded the wall, he was wroth, and took great indignation, and mocked the Jews.: KJV or Hebrew Bible On discovering 'the systematic design of refortifying Jerusalem', the Samaritan faction represented by Sanballat showed their bitter animosity to the Jews and in heaping scoffs and insults, as well as all sorts of disparaging words, their feelings of hatred and contempt increased.Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible, "Nehemiah 4". 1871.
Verse 3 Now Tobiah the Ammonite was beside him, and he said, "Whatever they build, if even a fox goes up on it, he will break down their stone wall.: New King James Version The language about a fox on the wall is "troublesome". Some writers see the term as a reference to a siege weapon. H. G. M. Williamson sees it as a sarcastic reference to a small animal being able to break apart what the Jews are putting together.Williamson, H. G. M. (1987), Ezra, Nehemiah, Waco, Texas, p. 214
Nehemiah's response to the attack (4:4–6) Refusing to engage in a war of words or retaliatory actions, Nehemiah prayed to God, then went to work.
Verse 6 So built we the wall; and all the wall was joined together unto the half thereof: for the people had a mind to work. KJV or Hebrew Bible "All the wall was joined together unto the half thereof": that is, 'the whole continuous line of wall was completed to half the contemplated height'.Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "Nehemiah 4". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.
Obstacles (4:7-23)
With each step forward, Nehemiah faced obstacles to complete the wall, but he persevered with prayer and hard work. In this section he described the plot (verses 7–), discouragement (), threats and rumors () against him, but then he found his resolve () and executed his contingency plans ().
Verses 7–8 But it came to pass, that when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the walls of Jerusalem were made up, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth, And conspired all of them together to come and to fight against Jerusalem, and to hinder it. KJV or Hebrew Bible The Jews were completely encircled by the enemies: the Samaritans (Sanballat) in the north, the Ammonites (Tobiah) in the east, the Arabians (Geshem) in the south, and the Ashdodites in the east.
See also Jerusalem Walls of Jerusalem Related Bible parts: Nehemiah 2
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Ezra-Nehemiah: A Commentary" (Eerdmans, 1988) Blenkinsopp, Joseph, "Judaism, the first phase" (Eerdmans, 2009) Coggins, R.J., "The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah" (Cambridge University Press, 1976) Ecker, Ronald L., "Ezra and Nehemiah", Ecker's Biblical Web Pages, 2007. Grabbe, L.L., "Ezra-Nehemiah" (Routledge, 1998) Grabbe, L.L., "A history of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1" (T&T Clark, 2004) Throntveit, Mark A. (1992) "Ezra-Nehemiah". John Knox Press
External links Jewish translations: Nechemiah - Nehemiah - Chapter 4 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) Book of Nehemiah Chapter 4. Bible Gateway