The 31st Tank Regiment () is an inactive tank regiment of the Italian Army, which was based in Lecce in Apulia and last operationally assigned to the Mechanized Brigade "Pinerolo". The regiment was formed in July 1937 by the Royal Italian Army and assigned to the I Armored Brigade. In April 1939, the regiment moved from Siena to Tirana in occupied Albania. In winter 1940-41, the regiment fought in the Greco-Italian War and in 1941 in the invasion of Yugoslavia. In November 1942, the regiment was sent to Libya, where it fought in the Western Desert campaign and then in the Tunisian campaign. In April 1943, the regiment was disbanded due to the heavy losses it had suffered in the Battle of El Guettar. The regiment was immediately reformed in Italy, but it saw no further action, until invading German forces disbanded it after the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943.

In 1951, the regiment was reformed and assigned to the Armored Division "Centauro". In 1975, the regiment was disbanded and its flag and traditions were assigned to the 1st Tank Battalion "M.O. Cracco", which had become an autonomous unit on 21 October 1975. From 1975 to 1986, the 1st Tank Battalion "M.O. Cracco" was assigned to the 31st Armored Brigade "Curtatone" and then to the 31st Armored Brigade "Centauro". In 1993, the 1st Tank Battalion "M.O. Cracco" lost its autonomy and, on 1 September 1993, entered the reformed 31st Tank Regiment. In 1995, the flag of the 31st Tank Regiment was transferred to Altamura, where it took over the base, personnel, and materiel of the 133rd Tank Regiment, that had been reduced to a reserve unit. The 31st Tank regiment was now assigned to the Mechanized Brigade "Pinerolo". Originally the unit, like all Italian tank units, was part of the army's infantry arm, but on 1 June 1999 the tankers specialty was transferred from the infantry arm to the cavalry arm. Consequently, on the same date the regiment replaced its flag with a cavalry standard. In 2012, the regiment moved from Altamura to Lecce. On 10 January 2020, the 31st Tank Regiment was disbanded and its standard transferred to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome, while on the same date the personnel of the disbanded regiment was used to reform the Regiment "Cavalleggeri di Lodi" (15th). Originally the unit, like all Italian tank units, was part of the army's infantry arm, but on 1 June 1999 the tankers specialty was transferred from the infantry arm to the cavalry arm. The regiment's anniversary falls on 15 April 1941, the day the regiment defeat an attack by Royal Yugoslav Army forces near Koplik.

History On 15 July 1937, the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment was formed in Siena. The new regiment received the I Breach Tanks Battalion "Raggi" from the 3rd Tank Infantry Regiment, the II Breach Tanks Battalion "Alessi" from the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment, and the XXXI Assault Tanks Battalion "Cerboni" from the 5th Bersaglieri Regiment. On the same date the regiment joined the I Armored Brigade, which also included the 5th Bersaglieri Regiment. The breach tank battalions were equipped with Fiat 3000 Mod. 30 light tanks, and the assault tanks battalion with L3/33 tankettes. In 1938, all Assault Tank Battalions were renamed Tank Battalion L (with L standing for or Light), while Breach Tanks Battalions were renamed Tank Battalion M (with M standing for or Medium). On 30 November 1938, the regiment received the VII Tank Battalion L from the 3rd Tank Infantry Regiment.

On 20 April 1939, the 131st Armored Artillery Regiment and assigned to the I Armored Brigade, which on the same date was expanded to division and renamed 131st Armored Division "Centauro". In April 1939, the regiment moved with two of its battalions to Tirana in occupied Albania. The same month the regiment's two tank battalions M were renumbered and the regiment then consisted of the following units:

31st Tank Infantry Regiment, in Tirana VII Tank Battalion L, in Tirana XXXI Tank Battalion L, in Tirana CCCXI Tank Battalion M, in Siena (former I Tank Battalion M) CCCXII Tank Battalion M, in Massa (former II Tank Battalion M)

On 20 May 1939, the CCCXI and CCCXII tank battalions M were transferred to the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment, which in turn transferred the VIII Tank Battalion L and X Tank Battalion L to the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment. The latter two battalions had participated in April 1939 in the Italian invasion of Albania and remained in Albania on occupation duty.

World War II

In April 1940, the regiment's battalions were renumbered once more and the regiment then consisted of the following units:

31st Tank Infantry Regiment, in Parma I Tank Battalion L (former VII Tank Battalion L) II Tank Battalion L (former VIII Tank Battalion L) III Tank Battalion L (former X Tank Battalion L) IV Tank Battalion L (former XXXI Tank Battalion L)

On 28 October 1940, the 131st Armored Division "Centauro" participated in the Italian attack on Greece, which started the Greco-Italian War. The main body of the division advanced towards Kalpaki in Epirus, but Greek resistance stopped the division before reaching its goals. On 23 November 1940, the Greek launched an offensive, which drove the Italian units back into Albania. The Centauro unsuccessfully tried to stop the Greek advance in the Battle of Klisura Pass and then in Tepelenë. In January 1942, the IV Tank Battalion M13/40 of the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment arrived in Albania and was attached to the Centauro division. Due to the heavy losses the division had suffered it was taken out of the line on 4 February 1941. In late March 1941, the Centauro division moved, in preparation for the invasion of Yugoslavia, to Shkodër in northern Albania. On 6 April 1941, the invasion began and the Centauro, together with the 18th Infantry Division "Messina" and 32nd Infantry Division "Marche", defeated a Yugoslav counterattack towards Shkodër. On 15 April 1941, the division defeated another Yugoslav attack near Koplik, and the next day, on 16 April, the division crossed into Yugoslavia north of Koplik and advanced to Kotor, Cetinje and Podgorica. On 17 April 1941, the Centauro reached Trebinje, where it met up with units of the 133rd Armored Division "Littorio", which had advanced southward from Istria. On 11 May 1941, the division began the return transfer to its bases in Tuscany and the IV Tank Battalion M13/40 was assigned to the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment. For its conduct and sacrifice in Greece and then Yugoslavia the regiment was awarded a Silver Medal of Military Valor, which was affixed to the regiment's flag.

In Tuscany the II and IV tank battalions L were disbanded and their personnel used to form the LI Tank Battalion M14/41, which was equipped with M14/41 tanks. The IV Tank Battalion M13/40 also received M14/41 tanks and consequently changed its name to IV Tank Battalion M14/41. During this time the regiment also added an anti-aircraft company with 20/65 mod. 35 anti-aircraft guns. On 21 November 1941, the regiment received the XIII Tank Battalion M13/40 from the 32nd Tank Infantry Regiment. On 15 January 1942, the I and III tank battalions L left the regiment and moved to occupied Croatia, respectively occupied Montenegro, where they were engaged in heavy combat with Yugoslav partisans. On 1 February 1942, the depot of the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment formed the XIX Tank Battalion M15/42, which was equipped with M15/42 tanks. In March 1942, the LI Tank Battalion M14/41 was sent to Libya, where it was assigned to the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment and, on 21 April 1942, the IV Tank Battalion M14/41 was sent to Libya and assigned to the 133rd Tank Infantry Regiment. In July 1942, the XIII Tank Battalion M13/40 was ordered to Libya, where it was assigned in early August to the 132nd Tank Infantry Regiment of the 132nd Armored Division "Ariete". In August 1942, the regiment received the XIV Tank Battalion M13/40 from the 33rd Tank Infantry Regiment and the XVII Tank Battalion M13/40 from the 4th Tank Infantry Regiment, which were both re-equipped with M14/41 tanks.

Starting in 1942 the regiment trained units equipped with self-propelled guns. In April 1942, the regiment's depot formed the I Self-propelled Battalion 47/32, which was equipped with Semovente 47/32 self-propelled guns and assigned to the 1st Infantry Division "Superga". On 1 September 1942, the depot formed the CXXXVI Self-propelled Battalion 47/32 and, on 15 October 1942, the CXXXI Self-propelled Battalion 47/32.

In November 1942, the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment was sent to North Africa, where at the same time the Axis forces suffered a crushing defeat in the Second Battle of El Alamein. The regiment arrived in Libya with the following battalions:

31st Tank Infantry Regiment XIV Tank Battalion M14/41 XV Tank Battalion M14/41 XVII Tank Battalion M14/41

The XV Tank Battalion M14/41 had been formed by the 1st Tank Infantry Regiment and was assigned to the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment when it left for Libya. The regiment was also supposed to receive the XIX Tank Battalion M15/42, but ultimately the battalion remained in Tuscany and became part of the forces tasked with the coastal defense of southern Tuscany. After arriving in North Africa the 31st Tank Regiment fought in the Tunisian campaign, where it suffered heavy casualties in the battles of El Agheila and El Guettar. On 18 April 1943, the regiment was disbanded in Tunisia due to the heavy losses it had suffered at El Guettar.

On the same day, 18 April 1943, the regiment was reformed in Siena. Plans to expand the regiment again to full strength were thwarted by the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943, and the subsequent occupation of Italy by the German forces, which disbanded the 31st Tank Infantry Regiment.

Cold War

On 15 September 1951, the regiment was reformed in Verona as 31st Tankers Regiment. On the same date, the regiment received the III Battalion of the 132nd Tankers Regiment, which, upon entering the reformed regiment, was redesignated as I Battalion. The 31st Tankers Regiment was assigned to the Armored Brigade "Centauro", which on 1 November 1952 was expanded to Armored Division "Centauro". On 1 January 1952, the regiment formed the II Battalion, and on 15 February 1953 the III Battalion. On 10 October 1955, the regiment moved from Verona to Bellinzago Novarese. In December 1958, the regiment was renamed 31st Tank Regiment and, on 1 February 1959, the regiment's III Tank Battalion was redesignated as IV Tank Battalion. At the time the regiment's organization was as follows:

31st Tank Regiment, in Bellinzago Novarese Command Company I Tank Battalion, with M26 Pershing tanks II Tank Battalion, with M26 Pershing tanks IV Tank Battalion, with M26 Pershing tanks

In 1963, the Armored Division "Centauro" adapted its organization to NATO standards and added a brigade level to the division's organization. On 1 November 1963, the III Armored Brigade "Centauro" was formed in Novara and the 31st Tank Regiment, as well as support forces, entered the new brigade. On the same date the IV Tank Battalion was transferred from the 31st Tank Regiment to the 3rd Bersaglieri Regiment, which in turn transferred its XX Battalion to the 31st Tank Regiment. Upon entering the 31st Tank Regiment the XX Battalion was redesignated as XXVIII Bersaglieri Battalion. Afterwards the brigade consisted of the following units:

III Armored Brigade "Centauro", in Novara 31st Tank Regiment, in Bellinzago Novarese I Tank Battalion, with M47 Patton main battle tanks II Tank Battalion, with M47 Patton main battle tanks XXVIII Bersaglieri Battalion, with M113 armored personnel carriers Anti-tank Company, with M40 recoilless rifles III Group/ 131st Armored Artillery Regiment, with M7 Priest self-propelled howitzers III Service Battalion 3rd Engineer Company 3rd Signal Company