Fu (), sometimes translated as prefecture or superior prefecture, was a type of administrative division in historical China from Tang dynasty to Qing dynasty. Fu was a level between provinces or equivalent divisions and counties. The term was initially applied to larger or more important prefectures, while the name zhou was applied to common prefectures. By Ming and Qing dynasties, however, most prefectures under provinces had become known as fu. After the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912, the fu-level administrative divisions were streamlined.

Tang dynasty

(1st) Province-level division: "Circuit" (, dào) Total: 9 cities CityChineseProvinceLocation of prefectural seatJingzhaoJingji-daoXi'an Xingde ()Hua CountyFengxiang ()Fengxiang CountyHenanDuji-daoLuoyang HezhongHedong-daoYongjiTaiyuanTaiyuan JiangningShannandong-dao Jiangling CountyXingyuan ()Shannanxi-daoNanzheng CountyChengduJiannan-daoChengdu

Song dynasty (1st) Province-level division: "Circuit" (, lù) Total: 45 cities Northern Song CityChineseProvinceLocation of prefectural seatKaifeng ()Jingji-luKaifeng Jinan ()Jingdongdong-luJinan Yingtian ()Jingdongxi-luShangqiu HenanJingxibei-luLuoyang Yingchang ()Xuchang DamingHebeidong-luDaming CountyZhendingHebeixi-luZhengding CountyTaiyuanHedong-luTaiyuan JingzhaoYongxingjun-luXi'an HezhongYongjiFengxiang ()Qinfeng-luFengxiang CountyJiangning ()Jiangnandong-luJurongJianglingJinhubei-luJiangling CountyChengduChengdufu-luChengdu Xingyuan ()Lizhou-luNanzheng County

Southern Song CityChineseProvinceLocation of prefectural seatLin'an ()Liangzhexi-luLin'anPingjiangSuzhou, JiadingZhenjiangZhenjiang Jiaxing ()Jiaxing JiandeJiandeShaoxing ()Liangzhedong-luShaoxing Qingyuan ()YinzhouRui'anYongjia CountyNinguo ()Jiangnandong-luXuanzhouJiankangNanjing Longxing ()Jiangnanxi-luXinjianShouchun ()Huainanxi-luFengtai CountyAnqing ()AnqingBaoqing ()Jinghunan-luShaoyang JianglingJinghubei-luZhijiang & QianjiangDe'anAnluChangdeChangde Jiangning ()Fujian-luJian'ouChengduChengdufu-luChengdu Chongqing ()ChongzhouJiadingLeshan TongchuanTongchuanfu-luDazhou Suining ()Suining Shunqing ()Nanchong Shaoqing ()Kuizhou-luPengshui CountyXianchunZhong CountyChongqing ()Chongqing Xingyuan ()Lizhou-luNanzheng CountyLongqing ()Jiange CountyTongqing ()Cheng CountyYingdeGuangnandong-luYingdeZhaoqing ()Zhaoqing Deqing ()Deqing CountyJingjiang ()Guangnanxi-luGuilin Qingyuan ()Qingyuan

Liao dynasty (1st) Province-level division: "Circuit" (, dào) Total: 13 cities CityChineseProvinceLocation of prefectural seatLinhuang ()Shangjing-daoBairin Left BannerLiaoyang ()Dongjing-daoLiaoyang Huanglong ()Siping Lübin ()Ussuriysk in RussiaDingliPartizansk in RussiaTieli ()Yilan CountyAndingDalnegorsk in RussiaChangling ()Jilin Zhenhai ()ZhuangheDadingZhongjing-daoNingcheng CountyXingzhong ()Chaoyang CountyXijinNanjing-daoFangshanDatongXijing-daoDatong

Jin dynasty (1st) Province-level division: "Circuit" (, lù) Total: 30 cities CityChineseProvinceLocation of prefectural seatHuining ()Shangjing-luAchengDaxing ()Zhongdu-luDaxingLiaoyang ()Dongjing-luLiaoyang DadingBeijing-luNingcheng CountyGuangning ()BeizhenXingzhong ()Chaoyang CountyLinhuang ()Bairin Left BannerDatongXijing-luDatong Dexing ()Zhuolu CountyKaifeng ()Nanjing-luKaifeng Guide ()Shangqiu HenanLuoyang Hejian ()Hebeidong-luHejianZhendingHebeixi-luZhengding CountyZhangdeAnyang ZhongshanDingzhouYiduShandongdong-luQingzhouJinan ()Jinan Dongping ()Shandongxi-luDongping CountyDamingDamingfu-luDaming CountyTaiyuanHedongbei-luTaiyuan Pingyang ()Hedongnan-luYuncheng HezhongYongjiJingzhaoJingzhaofu-luXi'an XianpingXianping-luKaiyuan Fengxiang ()Fengxiang-luFengxiang CountyPingliangPingliang Yan'anFuyan-luYan'an Qingyang ()Qingyang-luQingcheng CountyLintao ()Lintao-luLintao County

Western Xia (1st) Province-level division: "Prefecture" (; zhōu) Total: 4 cities CityChineseProvinceLocation of prefectural seatXingqing ()XingzhouYinchuan XiliangLiangzhouWuwei XuanhuaGanzhouZhangye XipingLingzhou Lingwu

Yuan dynasty (1st) Province-level division: "Province" (, ; xíngzhōngshūshěng) Total: 30 cities CityChineseProvinceLocation of prefectural seatShajingSecretariat-controlled Banyang ()Cheli ()Yunnan RendeBaixing ()YongchangTengchong ()Shunning ()NandianHenanHenanjiangbei Nanyang ()Runing ()Guide ()Gaoyao ()Anlu ()De'anNingxia ()Gansu Hanyang ()Huguang Pingle ()SongjiangJiangzhe JiadingSichuan TongchuanShaoqing ()Huaide ()Jingzhao→Xi'an →Fengxiang ()Gongchang ()Longxi CountyPingliangLintao ()Qingyang ()

Ming dynasty (1st) Province-level division: "Province" (; shěng) Total: 183 cities CityChineseProvinceLocation of prefectural seatYingtian ()Zhili→Nanzhili Suzhou ()SongjiangChangzhouZhenjiang ()Huai'anYangzhou ()Fengyang ()Luzhou ()AnqingHuizhouTaipingChizhouNingguo ()Beiping→Shuntian→ ()Beiping→Beizhili BaodingHejiang ()ZhendingShunde ()Guangping ()DamingPingluan→Yongping ()→Xi'anShaanxi Yan'anHanzhong ()PingliangFengxiang ()Lintao ()TaiyuanShanxi DatongFengzhouPingyang ()Lu'anJinan ()Shandong Yanzhou ()QingzhouDengzhouDongchang ()Laizhou ()Kaifeng ()Henan HenanWeihui ()Huaiqing ()Guide ()Runing ()Nanyang ()HangzhouZhejiang Wenzhou ()Jiaxing ()Jinhua ()QuzhouYanzhou ()HuzhouShaoxing ()Chizhou ()Taizhou ()Ningbo ()NanchangJiangxi YuanzhouGanzhou ()Ji'anJiujiangJianchangGuangxin ()Raozhou ()RuizhouNan'anNankangFuzhou ()Linjiang ()WuchangHuguang Yunyang ()YongzhouYuezhouHanyang ()JingzhouHengzhouHuanghzou ()ChengtianChangdeXiangyang ()ChenzhouChangsha ()De'anBaoqing ()LipingChengduSichuan JiadingKuizhouChongqing ()Shunqing ()Xuzhou ()Zhenxiang ()Baoning ()Mahu ()Long'an ()Guangzhou ()Guangdong ShaozhouHuizhouQiongzhou ()Zhaoqing ()GaozhouChaozhouNanxiongLeizhouLianzhouGuilinGuangxi Pingle ()WuzhouXunzhou ()LiuzhouQingyuan ()Nanning ()Si'en ()TaipingSimingZhen'an ()FuzhouFujian YanpingJianning ()Xinghua ()ZhangzhouShaowuQuanzhouTingzhouYunnan ()Yunnan Yongchang ()Yongning ()Heqing ()Qujing ()Jingdong ()YuanjiangGuangxi ()Guangnan ()Shunning ()Xundian ()ChuxiongChengjiangZhenyuan ()DaliWudingMenghuaMenggen ()Mengding ()Yao'anLijiang ()Lin'an ()Pingmian ()Meng'ai ()MenglongMuduoMulai ()TongxiChengfan→Guiyang→ ()Guizhou Anshun ()SinanSizhouShiqianZhenyuan ()Tongren ()Duyun ()Pu'an ()Puding ()Pingyue ()LipingJiaozhouJiaozhi (1407-1428) Beijiang Bắc GiangLiangjiang () Lạng Giang DistrictSanjiangJianpingXin'anJianchangFenghuaQinghua Thanh HóaZhenman () Hưng Hà DistrictLiangshan () Lạng SơnXinpingYanzhou Diễn Châu DistrictYizhouShunhua () HuếTaiyuan Thái NguyênXuanhua Tuyên QuangShenghua ()

Qing dynasty (1st) Province-level division: "Province" (; shěng) Total: 218 prefectures CityChineseProvinceLocation of prefectural seatShuntian ()Zhili YongpingBaodingZhengdingHejian ()DamingShunde ()Guangping ()ChengdeChaoyang ()XuanhuaJinan ()Shandong Dongchang ()Tai'anWudingDengzhouLaizhou ()QingzhouYanzhou YizhouCaozhouKaifeng ()Henan Guide ()Chenzhou ()ZhangdeWeihui ()Huaiqing ()HenanNanyang ()Runing ()TaiyuanShanxi FenzhouLu'anZezhou ()PuzhouPingyang ()DatongShuopingNingwu ()Lanzhou ()Gansu PingliangQingyang ()Ningxia ()Xining ()LiangzhouGanzhouGongchang ()Xi'anShaanxi TongzhouFengxiang ()Hanzhong ()Xing'an ()Yan'anYulinDihuaXinjiang YiliWensu ()YanqiShuleShache ()Zhenxi ()Jiangning ()Jiangsu Yangzhou ()Huai'anChangzhouZhenjiang ()Suzhou ()SongjiangXuzhouAnqing ()Anhui Luzhou ()Fengyang ()Yingzhou ()HuizhouNingguo ()ChizhouTaipingNanchangJiangxi JianchangFuzhou ()YuanzhouRuizhouLinjiang ()Raozhou ()Guangxin ()JiujiangNankangJi'anGanzhou ()Nan'anFuzhouFujian Funing ()YanpingJianning ()ShaowuTingzhouZhangzhouXinghua ()QianzhouHangzhouZhejiang Jiaxing ()HuzhouNingbo ()Shaoxing ()Taizhou ()Jinhua ()QuzhouYanzhou ()Wenzhou ()Chuzhou ()Taiwan ()Taiwan Tainan ()Taipei ()Guangzhou ()Guangdong Zhaoqing ()ShaozhouHuizhouChaozhouGaozhouLeizhouLianzhouQiongzhou ()GuilinGuangxi Pingle ()WuzhouLiuzhouQingyuan ()Si'enXunzhou ()Nanning ()SichengZhen'an ()TaipingWuchangHubei Hanyang ()Huangzhou ()De'anAnlu ()Xiangyang ()Yunyang ()JingzhouYichangShinanHunan Changsha ()Baoqing ()YuezhouChangdeHengzhouYongzhouChenzhouYuanzhouYongshun ()ChengduSichuan Long'an ()Chongqing ()Suiding ()KuizhouShunqing ()TongchuanNingyuan ()YazhouJiadingKangdingBa'anDengkeXuzhou ()Yunnan ()Yunnan DaliLijiang ()ChuxiongYongchangShunning ()QujingDongchuan ()ZhaotongLin'an ()Guangnan ()Kaihua ()Pu'erGuiyang ()Guizhou Anshun ()Zunyi ()DadingXingyi ()Duyun ()Zhenyuan ()SinanSizhouTongren ()LipingShiqianFengtianFengtian Jinzhou ()XinminXingjing ()Changbai ()Hailong ()Changtu ()TaonanJilinJilin Changchun ()XinchengShuangcheng ()Binzhou ()WuchangYanjiNing'an ()Dong'an ()Yilan ()Linjiang ()MishanLongjiang ()Heilongjiang Hulan ()Suihua ()Hailun ()NenjiangHeiheLubin ()

References