This is a list of dynasties and states that have historically had ties to either ethnic Jews or their religion of Judaism.
States by region
Southern Levant
Twelve Tribes of Israel, Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), Kingdom of Judah, Yehud Medinata, Hasmonean kingdom, Herodian kingdom/tetrarchy, 37 BCE – 100 CE Judean provisional government, 66–68 CE Bar Kokhba Jewish state, 132–135 CE State of Israel, 1948 CE–present
Wider Middle East Himyarite Kingdom, Yemen, 390 CE – 525 CE Nehardea, Mesopotamia, 18–33 CE (ruled by Anilai and Asinai of the Parthian Empire) Adiabene, Mesopotamia, Mahoza Kingdom, Mesopotamia, 495–502 CE (established by Mar-Zutra II) Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza and other Jewish tribes of the Khaybar, Saudi Arabia, unknown-628 CE.
Africa Kingdom of Simien, Ethiopia ,Steven Kaplan, The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia, p. 94 legendary but Gudit was thought to have reigned 960–1000 CE following the collapse of the Kingdom of Aksum before the rise of the Zagwe dynasty in 1137 CE
Caucasia Khazar Kingdom, (semi-nomadic Turkic state in the Caucasus whose ruling royal elite seems to have converted to Judaism, although the extent to which it was adopted by commoners is highly debated)Simon Schama, The Story of the Jews: Finding the Words, 1000 BC-1492 AD, p. 266 Aba-Sava, Dagestan 1630–1800, a semi-independent Mountain Jewish polity and relatively autonomous Persian vassal located south of Derbent
Siberia Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia , one of the federal subjects of Russia.
Proposed Medieval French Jewish vassal state, 768–900 CE (purportedly established during the Reconquista) Brutakhi, early-13th-century Turkic polity whose Jewishness is debatable; possibly either a Khazar remnant state or Jewish splinter state from the Cuman-Kipchak Confederation
See also Jewish autonomism Jewish state, about the formation of Israel, and it's evolving definition List of Hasidic Jewish dynasties Proposals for a Jewish state
References