The Armenian language has two standardized forms: Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian. Before the Armenian genocide and other significant demographic changes that affected the Armenians, several dozen Armenian dialects existed in the areas historically populated by them.
Classification by Hrachia Acharian
Classification des dialectes arméniens (Classification of Armenian dialects) is a 1909 book by the Armenian linguist Hrachia Acharian, published in Paris. It is Acharian's translation into French of his original work Hay Barbaṙagitutʿiwn ("Armenian Dialectology") that was later published as a book in 1911 in Moscow and New Nakhichevan. The French translation lacks dialectal examples. An English translation was published in 2024.
Acharian surveyed the Armenian dialects in what is now Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Azerbaijan and other countries settled by Armenians.
Unlike the traditional division of Armenian into two dialect groups (Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian), he divided Armenian into three main dialect groups based on the present and imperfect indicative particles that were used. He called as the -owm (-ում) dialects, -gë (-կը) dialects, and -el (-ել) dialects.
After the Armenian genocide, linguists Gevorg Jahukyan, Jos Weitenberg, Bert Vaux and Hrach Martirosyan have extended the understanding of Armenian dialects.
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-owm dialects 1 Yerevan : Erivan, Novo-Bayazet, Ordubad, Shamshadin, Shulaver, Havlabar quarter (Tiflis), Lori, Astabad : Bayazid, Kulp : Gala, quarter of Tabriz 1.1 Bayazid : Bayazid : Novo-Bayazet 1.2 Astabad : Astabad 1.3 Tabriz : Gala, quarter of Tabriz 2 Tiflis : Tiflis (except Havlabar quarter) 3 Artsakh (Karabakh) : Shusha, Elisabethpol (Gandzak), Nukha, Baku, Derbent, Ağstafa, Dilijan, Karakilis, Kazak, Bolnis-Khachini, Jebrayil, Goris : Karadagh, Mujumbar; Lilava quarter of Tabriz: Burdur, Ödemiş villages near Izmir 4 Shamakha : Shamakhi, Kuba and nearby villages, Baku (partially), Ermenikend 5 Astrakhan : Astrakhan, North Caucasus: Tabriz 6 Julfa : Julfa : Isfahan (New Julfa quarter), Shiraz, Hamadan, Bushehr, Tehran, Qazvin, Rasht, Bandar-e Anzali 7 Agulis : Agulis, Tsghna, Handamej, Tanakert, Ramis, Dasht, Kaghaki 7.1 Tsghna : Tsghna
-el dialects 1 Maragha : Maragha and surrounding villages 2 : Khoy, Salmas, Maku, Urmia : Igdir, Nakhichevan; Zangezur settlements: Kori, Alighuli, Mughanjugh, Karashen, Alilu, Angeghakot, Ghushchi-Tazakend, Tazakend, Uz, Mazra, Balak, Shaghat, Ltsen, Sisian, Nerkin Kilisa 3 Artvin : Artvin, Ardahan, Artanuj, Olti
-gë dialects 1 Erzurum : Erzurum, Ispir, Kaghzvan : Kars, Alexandropol, Akhalkalak, Akhaltskha 2 Mush : Mush, Sasun, Bitlis, Khizan, Khlat, Arjesh, Bulanikh, Manazkert, Khnus, Alashkert: Aparan; Mets Kznut and surrounding villages; Javakhk (specifically Eshtia, Ujmana, Toria, Martuni) 3 Van : Van, Diadin, Moks, Bashkale, Shatakh: Basargechar and surrounding villages 4 Diarbekir : Diarbekir, Lice, Hazro, Hazzo, Khizan, Severek, Urfa (Edesia) 5 Kharberd-Yerznka : Kharpert, Yerznka, Balu, Tchapaghjur, Chmshkatsag, Charsanjak, Kghi, Dersim, Kamakh 6 Shabin-Karahisar : Shabin-Karahisar, Akıncılar 7 Trebizond : Trebizond, Bayburt, Gyumushkhane, Kirasun 8 Hamshen : Hamshen, Ünye, Fatsa, Terme, Çarşamba: Sukhumi, Sochi, Poti, 9 Malatya : Malatya, Adıyaman 10 Cilicia : Hadjin, Zeytun, Marash, Kilis, Alexandretta, Payas, Svedia 11 Syria : Aramo 12 Arabkir : Arabkir, Divrig, Gürün, Darende, villages of Kesaria 12.1 Gürün : Gürün, Darende, villages of Kesaria 13 Akn : Akn and surrounding villages 14 Sivas : Sivas and 45 surrounding villages 15 Tokat : Tokat, Amasia, Marsivan, Ordu, Samsun, Sinop 16 Smyrna : Smyrna, Manisa, Menemen and surrounding villages 17 Izmit : Nicomedia, Adapazar and the following villages: Yalova, Partizak, Geyve, Ortaköy, Sölöz, Benli, İznik, etc. 18 Constantinople : Constantinople 19 Rodosto : Rodosto, Malgara 20 Nakhichevan-on-Don : Nakhichevan-on-Don, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Yekaterinodar, Yekaterinoslav, Anapa, Maykop, Taganrog, Dneprovskaya, Nogaysk, Novocherkassk, Theodosia, Simferopol, Karasubazar, Bakhchysarai, Eupatoria 21 Austria-Hungary : Poland Austria: Bukovina Hungary
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