Bird of the Year () is an annual election-based competition run by the New Zealand conservation organisation Forest & Bird to elect a New Zealand native "Bird of the Year". The competition is intended to raise awareness of the conservation threats to many endangered native birds.

It draws support from celebrities including politicians, artists, actors, and television personalities. The election is a significant social media and public event in New Zealand; there are regular attempts at voter fraud, some winners (such as the short-tailed bat) have been controversial. In 2023, a TV campaign by British-American comedian John Oliver for the pūteketeke drew international attention to the contest, leading it to win with more than 290,000 votes.

History Bird of the Year (BOTY) was first launched in October 2005 by Michael Szabo, editor of Forest & Bird at the time, initially as an online poll featured in Forest & Bird's first email newsletter; votes were collected by email and through the post. Szabo noticed the public outcry when RNZ considered dropping bird calls from its daily Morning Report, and decided to tap into this public interest with an annual poll. The first BOTY contest included 76 native bird species and received a total of 900 votes; the tūī was the winner. BOTY was later championed by Forest & Bird's communications manager Helen Bain, who saw it as a "light-hearted…way of raising the profile of native birds and the threats to them".

In 2014, the competition was temporarily retitled to Seabird of the Year and only seabirds were eligible. In 2023 the competition was dubbed Bird of the Century (Te Manu Rongonui o te Rautau) to coincide with Forest & Bird's centennial celebrations, and for the first time included extinct birds: laughing owl, South Island snipe, huia, South Island kōkako, and bush wren.

Between 2022 and 2024, voters used the Forest & Bird website to rank their top-five choices for Bird of the Year. The winner was determined using the instant-runoff voting method.

Because of the transferable voting system, the Bird of the Year was not necessarily the species receiving the most number-one votes in those years. For example in BOTY 2022 (starting 17 October), seventy-one species were shortlisted as candidates, and the rock wren was the winner, because it received the most and highest vote rankings, despite getting fewer #1 votes than the second-place winner, the little penguin. + Bird of the Year 2022 top 10 Bird Number of #1 votes Position Pīwauwau / rock wren 2,894 1st Kororā / little penguin 3,351 2nd Kea 1,852 3rd Karure / kakaruia / Chatham Island black robin 1,594 4th Tawaki piki toka / rockhopper penguin 1,468 5th Pīwakawaka / fantail 1,228 6th Hihi / stitchbird 1,302 7th Kārearea / New Zealand falcon 1,260 8th Pūteketeke / Australasian crested grebe 1,184 9th Titipounamu / rifleman 1,477 10th

+ Bird of the Century 2023 top 10 Bird Number of #1 votes Position Pūteketeke / Australasian crested grebe 290,374 1st North Island Brown Kiwi 12,904 2nd Kea 12,060 3rd Kākāpō 10,889 4th Pīwakawaka / Fantail 7,857 5th Tawaki piki toka / Rockhopper penguin 6,763 6th Karure / kakaruia / Chatham Island black robin 6,753 7th Huia 6,467 8th Tūī 6,457 9th Takahē 6,292 10th

+ Bird of the Year 2024 top 10 Bird Number of #1 votes Position Hoiho / yellow-eyed penguin 6,328 1st Karure / kakaruia / Chatham Island black robin 5,442 2nd Kākāpō 4,548 3rd Ruru / Morepork 4,467 4th Kea 4,206 5th Pīwakawaka / Fantail 4,205 6th Takahē 3,892 7th Tawaki piki toka / Rockhopper penguin 3,834 8th Kōkako 3,445 9th Toroa / Antipodean albatross 3,415 10th

The 2025 competition returned to a "First-Past-the-Post" FPTP system, but still with the option for voters to pick up to five birds. Each choice made is worth 1 point toward that bird's overall total.

+ Bird of the Year 2025 top 10 Bird Number of votes Position Kārearea / New Zealand falcon 14,317 1st Kea 12,506 2nd Karure / kakaruia / Chatham Island black robin 11,726 3rd Kākāpō 10,792 4th Ruru / Morepork 10,174 5th Tawaki piki toka / Rockhopper penguin 10,030 6th Pīwakawaka / Fantail 9,915 7th Takahē 9,828 8th Hihi / stitchbird 8,885 9th Hoiho / yellow-eyed penguin 8,665 10th

Bird of the Year runs for two weeks in September to November each year, and around 70 species usually compete. Anyone can nominate themselves as a "campaign manager" for a bird, and organise social media publicity campaign. The competition is not restricted to New Zealand: anyone with a valid email address is able to cast a vote, which became critical to the 2023 landslide victory of the Pūteketeke.

List of winners +Bird of the yearNo.PortraitNameYearVotes % of vote123456789101112131415(4)161718(15)(8)19

Controversies

2008: The successful campaign to elect kākāpō was accused by the takahē of accepting undeclared donations "from wealthy migratory birds living in Monaco." It was cleared by the fictional Serious Feathered Fraud Office. 2010: The kākāriki was accused of rigging the vote. Forest & Bird confirmed these concerns in 2011, committing to improving vote security. 2011: The emperor penguin was added to the competition for one year, when a juvenile bird, dubbed Happy Feet, was found on the Kāpiti Coast. It had made national and international headlines after being rescued. 2015: Two teenagers from Auckland made over 200 fraudulent votes for the kōkako. They used their father's business account to make fake email addresses. 2017: The competition suffered a further voting scandal when 112 fraudulent votes were made for the white-faced heron using internet bots from an IP address in Christchurch. 2018: An independent scrutineer from Dragonfly Data Science was brought in to prevent further voting scandals. Despite this, a third voting scandal surfaced when 310 fraudulent votes were placed for the black shag. These were traced to Australia. 2019: A larger than usual number of Russian votes drew conspiracy theories alleging Russian interference despite Russians providing only 335 votes. A spokesperson for Forest and Bird concluded the votes appeared to be legitimate and suggested it was innocent interest from ornithologists in the country. 2020: 1500 votes were placed for the little spotted kiwi using fake email addresses from the same IP address, briefly pushing it to the top of the leaderboard before the fraudulent votes were discovered. 2021: The long-tailed bat was added to the competition with mixed responses from candidates and voters, who criticised the fact that it was not in fact a bird. This controversial entry ended up winning 2021 Bird of the Year. 2022: The kākāpō, a previous two-time winner of BOTY, was barred from competing again. 2023: Television comedian John Oliver announced on his HBO show Last Week Tonight that he was the campaign manager for the Southern crested grebe or pūteketeke. Oliver erected billboards in Wellington, Paris, Tokyo, London, Mumbai, and Manitowoc, and arranged for an aeroplane with a pūteketeke banner to fly over Ipanema Beach in Brazil. He also appeared on Jimmy Fallon’s The Tonight Show in a pūteketeke costume. So many votes were received—over 350,000, from 195 countries—that Forest & Bird's website crashed and the results of the competition had to be delayed by two days while verification was carried out. The previous record for verified votes was 56,733 in 2021. The pūteketeke won by a landslide, receiving 290,374 votes, over 100 times those of the previous year's winner, and far more than the second-placing North Island brown kiwi with 12,904. The contest was also marred by fraud, with 40,000 votes cast by one person for the eastern rockhopper penguin. A Pennsylvania voter cast 3,403 fraudulent votes, with one arriving every three seconds. Forty-five of the verified votes were cast under the name "John Oliver", one of them for the fairy tern, and the rest for the pūteketeke. Forest & Bird claimed to be pleased by Oliver's campaign, as it furthered the contest's basic environmental awareness purpose by encouraging international attention. The organisation received over $600,000 in donations, six times the previous record, as a result of the campaign.

Celebrity endorsements YearBirds endorsedCelebrity/organisation2024HoihoHelen Clark, Chris Hipkins, Jane Goodall, Phil Keoghan2023PūteketekeJohn Oliver2022Wrybill Christopher Luxon2021Kea Jenny-May Clarkson, Kiri AllanRoyal SpoonbillDavid Seymour, Melissa StokesNew Zealand dotterelGreen Party of Aotearoa New ZealandLong-tailed BatRadio One 91FM2020South Island Kōkako Ruud Kleinpaste2018Tāiko/Black PetrelJacinda Ardern2014Australasian gannetMatt WatsonBrown skuaMetiria TureiNorthern royal albatrossPeter DunneBuller's shearwaterWinston Peters2013MōhuaMetiria TureiNew Zealand fairy ternHayley Holt2011Ruru/MoreporkPhil GoffYellow-eyed penguinAnton OliverKererūHinewehi MohiKōkakoHollie SmithNew Zealand robinLisa Chapell New Zealand fantailKate WilkinsonRuru/MoreporkMaisey RikaNew Zealand falcon Pita SharplesKea Rachel SmalleyTakahēRiki GoochTūī Russel NormanKākāriki Seth HaapuWandering albatrossSteve Abel2010WekaDon McGlashanBlack stiltGrahame SydneyRuru/MoreporkJerome ChandrahasenNew Zealand fantail Taika WaititiKererūKiri Te Kanawa2009PūkekoDamian ChristieKākāDavid FarrarRoyal spoonbillJeremy WellsPied stiltSam HuntNew Zealand fantailKim HillKererūKiri Te Kanawa2008Pied stiltSam Hunt Tūī Sam MorganYellow-eyed penguinAnton OliverKererūBarnaby WeirTūīIrene van DykKeaJason GunnGrey warblerGraeme HillKiwiJohn KeyWeka Anand SatyanandWhite-faced heronSteve BrauniasSouthern royal albatross Tui De RoyWeka Anand SatyanandAlbatrossSusan Satyanand Tūī Petra BagustKeaPeter Hillary2006Kōtare/Sacred kingfisherAnnabel LangbeinRuru/MoreporkCaroline ChurchKākāpōChris CarterKōtukuDon BrashKākāpōHelen ClarkKererūJeanette FitzsimmonsKōkakoSusan SatyanandNew Zealand fantail Lois DaishTūīMark SainsburyKāhuPita SharplesTūīRodney HideKiwi Ruud KleinpasteWeka Anand Satyanand

References