This article records new taxa of fossil primates of every kind are scheduled to be described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of primates that are scheduled to occur in the year 2019.
New taxa Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Country Notes Images Alophe Gen. et sp. nov Valid Rasmussen et al. Early Miocene An early Old World monkey. The type species is A. metios. Anthradapis Gen. et sp. nov Chavasseau et al. Eocene A member of the family Sivaladapidae. The type species is A. vietnamensis. Aseanpithecus Gen. et sp. nov Valid Jaeger et al. Eocene Pondaung An early member of Anthropoidea. The type species is A. myanmarensis. Bownomomys Gen. et comb. nov Valid Morse et al. Eocene () An early primate. Genus includes "Teilhardina" americana Bown (1976) and "Teilhardina" crassidens Bown & Rose (1987) Cercopithecoides bruneti Sp. nov Valid Pallas et al. Late Miocene Danuvius Gen. et sp. nov Valid Böhme et al. Miocene A member of the family Hominidae. The type species is D. guggenmosi. Homo luzonensis Sp. nov Valid Détroit et al. Late Pleistocene A species of Homo Homunculus vizcainoi Sp. nov Valid Kay & Perry Miocene Santa Cruz A New World monkey Nanopithecus Gen. et sp. nov Valid Plavcan et al. Pliocene Kanapoi A relative of guenons. Genus includes new species N. browni. ParvimicoGen. et sp. novValidKay et al.Early MioceneBalaA New World monkey of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species P. materdei.
General research A study on frequency of insectivory in primates, its possible causes and its implications for the hypotheses of primate evolution from an insectivorous ancestor is published by Scott (2019). A study on the evolution of the talus bone in primates, and on its implications for the knowledge of the adaptive origins of crown primates, is published by Yapuncich et al. (2019). A study on the expansion in brain mass throughout primate evolution, based on data from extant and fossil taxa, is published online by Melchionna et al. (2019). A study comparing mobility and home ranges of members of living and extinct lemur genera is published by Crowley & Godfrey (2019). A study on the variability of adapiform humeral elements from Quercy collections will be published by Marigó, Verrière & Godinot (2019). A study on the turbinal morphology of Rooneyia viejaensis is published by Lundeen & Kirk (2019). A study on the evolutionary history of the New World monkeys (especially on the evolution of their body mass, changes of the mean latitude of their geographic range, and species diversification rates), based on data from extant and fossil species, will be published by Silvestro et al. (2019). A study on the relationship between brain size and skull morphology in extant New World monkeys, and on its implications for identifying relatives of howler monkeys in the fossil record, is published by Halenar-Price & Tallman (2019). Putative stem platyrrhine Dolichocebus gaimanensis is reinterpreted as a cebine closely related to living squirrel monkeys by Rosenberger (2019), who also considers D. gaimanensis and Laventiana annectens to be congeners. A study on the cerebral morphology of Chilecebus carrascoensis is published by Ni et al. (2019). A study on the variation in skull and braincase shape of extant and fossil members of the family Atelidae is published by Aristide et al. (2019). A study on the catarrhine capitates from the Tinderet Miocene sequence of Kenya, and on their implications for inferring locomotor diversity of Miocene catarrhines from the Tinderet sample, is published by Wuthrich, MacLatchy & Nengo (2019). A study on the evolution of the catarrhine hip complex since the Oligocene, based on data from a new femur of Aegyptopithecus zeuxis from the Jebel Qatrani Formation (Egypt), is published by Almécija et al. (2019). A revision of fossils of Mesopithecus from the late Turolian Dytiko localities (Axios Valley, Greece) is published by Koufos (2019). A study on phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of macaques, as indicated by mitochondrial genome and fossil data, is published by Roos et al. (2019). A study on the inner anatomy of a skull and teeth of a fossil baboon from the early Pleistocene deposits of the Australopithecus sediba-bearing site of Malapa (South Africa), which might represent the earliest fossil record of Papio angusticeps and consequently, of the modern baboon reported so far, is published by Bouchet et al. (2019). Two teeth of a primate belonging or related to the genus Paradolichopithecus are described from the Villafranchian of the Ridjake site (Serbia) by Radović et al. (2019). New hominoid canine and incisor specimens, including probable teeth of Kamoyapithecus hamiltoni and teeth of a second taxon, likely related to Nyanzapithecus pickfordi, are described from the Oligocene site of Losodok (Turkana Basin, northwestern Kenya) by Hammond, Foecke & Kelley (2019). Description of new fossil material of apes from the early Miocene site of Moroto II (Uganda) and study on the implications of these fossil for the taxonomic attribution of ape fossil material from this site is published by MacLatchy et al. (2019). Previously undescribed petrosal bone of Nacholapithecus kerioi from the earliest Middle Miocene of Kenya is reported by Kunimatsu et al. (2019), who evaluate the implications of their finding for the knowledge of the phylogenetic placement of Nacholapithecus and of the evolution of positional behavior of apes. A study on the diversification of skull size and shape in hominid (especially hominin) evolutionary radiations, based on data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Rocatti & Perez (2019). A study comparing the prevalence of tertiary dentine in extant gorillas and chimpanzees and in fossil hominins Australopithecus africanus, Homo naledi and Paranthropus robustus is published by Towle (2019). A study comparing the trabecular structure in the first metatarsal bone in extant large apes and humans and in fossil hominins from Swartkrans (South Africa), and evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the locomotor behavior of fossil hominins, is published by Komza & Skinner (2019). A study on the variation of shape of the third metacarpal bone of apes performing different locomotor behaviors and on its implications for the knuckle-walking hypothesis for human evolution, based on data from extant apes and Australopithecus afarensis, is published by Rein (2019). A study on the ontogenetic variation in the thoracolumbar transition in the skeletons of juvenile and adult great apes, humans and fossil hominins is published by Nalley et al. (2019). A study on brain blood flow rates in extant great apes, aiming to determine brain blood flow rates in australopithecine human relatives, is published by Seymour et al. (2019). A study on the femoral neck cortical bone distribution in Dryopithecus fontani, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the locomotor behavior of this species, is published by Pina et al. 2019). Agustí et al. (2019) report fossil evidence from the Udabno site in eastern Georgia, which they interpret as indicating the survival of Dryopithecus garedziensis (=Udabnopithecus garedziensis) in Caucasus for almost 2 million years after the extinction of the dryopithecines in Western Europe. A study on the anatomy of the face and maxilla of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis is published by Ioannidou et al. (2019). New maxilla of a member or a relative of the genus Khoratpithecus is described from the late Miocene sediments in Nakhon Ratchasima Province (Thailand) by Chaimanee et al. (2019). A molar attributable to Sivapithecus is described from the Miocene of the Ramnagar area (Jammu and Kashmir) by Gilbert et al. (2019), who also study the metric variation of ape molars and premolars from the Ramnagar area and from the Pothohar Plateau Chinji Formation, and attempt to determine the taxonomic diversity of known Ramnagar and Chinji hominoid specimens. A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Gigantopithecus, based on data from proteome sequences retrieved from tooth enamel, is published by Welker et al. (2019). Isolated fossil orangutan teeth are described from the Late Pleistocene Tham Prakai Phet site (Thailand) by Filoux & Wattanapituksakul (2019). A study on the affinities of the hominid fossils from the Early to Middle Pleistocene deposits of Java, Indonesia is published by Zanolli et al. (2019). A study on a possible diagnostic tooth pattern of orangutans, evaluating its implications for the taxonomic identification of isolated hominid teeth from the Pleistocene of Asia, is published by Ortiz et al. (2019). A study on tooth enamel thickness and development of teeth in juvenile individuals of Rudapithecus hungaricus is published by Smith et al. (2019). Description of a partial pelvis from Rudabánya (Hungary), attributed to Rudapithecus hungaricus, and a study on the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the body posture of R. hungaricus and for the knowledge of the ancestral anatomy of the hominin pelvis, is published by Ward et al. (2019). A digital reconstruction of the skull of Rudapithecus hungaricus is presented by Gunz et al. (2019). A study on the pelvic and lumbar anatomy of Oreopithecus bambolii is published online by Hammond et al. (2019). A study on genomes of extant bonobo and chimpanzee populations, presenting evidence for an ancient admixture event between bonobos and an extinct great ape population, is published by Kuhlwilm et al. (2019). A study on thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of living humans and chimpanzees and fossil hominins, evaluating the implications of their anatomy for the hypothesis that human individuals whose vertebrae are more similar in shape to the vertebrae of the extinct hominins have a greater propensity to develop the intervertebral disc herniation, is published by Plomp et al. (2019).
General paleoanthropology A study on the phylogenetic relationships of fossil hominins is published by Parins-Fukuchi et al. (2019), who find support for directly ancestral relationships in multiple hominin lineages. A review of anatomical differences between extant ape and human foot bones, as well as a review of the hominin foot fossil record, is published by DeSilva et al. (2019), who also conduct a cladistics analysis on hominin foot fossils. A study on modern and fossil mammal herbivore communities from eastern Africa spanning the last ~7 million years, aiming to determine whether modern herbivore communities are suitable analogs for the ancient ecosystems in which early hominins evolved, is published by Faith, Rowan & Du (2019). A study on the geographic distribution pattern of early hominin fossil occurrences over time, evaluating its implications for the knowledge of the relevance of the coastal forest in eastern Africa along the Indian Ocean for early hominin evolution, is published by Joordens et al. (2019). A study on the behavioral evolution in Plio-Pleistocene hominins, as inferred from archaeological data and comparison with extant hamadryas baboons, is published by Swedell & Plummer (2019). A study on a child tooth found in Wezmeh Cave, Iranian Zagros by Zanolli et al. (2019) revealed that it belongs to a Neanderthal. A study on the diversity and the environments of hominins in the early Pleistocene of the Omo-Turkana Basin (East Africa) is published by Bobe & Carvalho (2019). A study comparing ages at death of hominin specimens from the early Pleistocene sites of Drimolen and Swartkrans, and on their implications for inferring mechanisms of hominin skeletal accumulation at these sites, is published by Riga et al. (2019).