The following is a list of female neuroscientists by nationality – notable women who are well known for their work in the field of neuroscience.
Argentina Cecilia Bouzat (born 1961), biochemist studying neurological disorders Maria G. Castro (fl 2000s), professor of neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School
Australia Lyn Beazley (born 1944), British-born Australian neuroscientist and educator Leeanne Carey (born 1959), neuroscientist in occupational therapy and stroke rehabilitation and recovery research Adrienne Fairhall (fl 2000s), computational neuroscientist and educator Una Lucy Fielding (1888–1969), neuroanatomist remembered for discovering the vascular link between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland Mary Galea (born 1951), physiotherapist and neuroscientist at the University of Melbourne Glenda Halliday (fl 2008), neuroscientist at the University of Sydney, NHMRC research fellow Muireann Irish (fl 2013), cognitive neuropsychologist at the University of Sydney Jee Hyun Kim (fl. from 2004), behavioral neuroscientist focusing on emotional learning and memory during childhood Natalie Matosin (fl. 2012), scientist researching the impacts of stress and its role in mental illness Elspeth McLachlan (born 1942), world authority on neural pathways within the autonomic nervous system Pat Michie (retired 2009), emeritus professor of psychology at Australia's University of Newcastle Kathryn North (fl. from 1994), paediatric physician, neurologist, and clinical geneticist working on cognitive deficits in neurofibromatosis type 1 and intervention strategies for children with learning disabilities and inherited myopathies Jennie Ponsford (fl. 2000s), neuroscientist researching the negative consequences of traumatic brain injury related to fatigue, sleep disturbance, attentional problems, mood and behavioural disturbances Sandra Rees (born 1942), research into the pathogenesis of brain injury Linda Richards, currently researching development of the cortical midline Nicole Rinehart (fl. from 2000), focus on autism, Asperger's disorder and ADHD Lesley Joy Rogers (born 1943), emeritus professor of neuroscience at Australia's University of New England Renae Ryan (fl. 2000s), neuroscientists and pharmacologist promoting gender equity, diversity and inclusion Ingrid Scheffer (born 1958), paediatric neurologist and senior research fellow focusing on epilepsy
Austria Alexandra Adler (1901–2001), neurologist remembered for her work on the brain of a multiple sclerosis victim and for her research on posttraumatic stress disorder Elisabeth Binder (fl. 2000s), neuroscientist specializing in the study of mood and anxiety disorders Melly Oitzl (born 1955), behavioral neuroscientist focusing on relationships between stress, cognition and emotion
Brazil Suzana Herculano-Houzel (born 1972), focus on neuroanatomy Anna Christina Nobre (born 1963), UK-based Brazilian neuroscientist researching neural systems supporting cognitive functions in the human brain
Canada Rosemary Bagot (born 1981), researching the mechanisms of altered brain function in depression Frances Champagne (fl. from 2007), focus on molecular neuroscience, maternal behavior, and epigenetics Sherry Chou (fl 2014), neuroscientist focusing on neurocritical care Anne Churchland (fl. from 2014), neuroscientist focusing on the function of the posterior parietal cortex in cognitive processes Meaghan Creed (fl 2016), research into neuromodulation Karen Davis (fl. from 1990), focusing on the mechanisms underlying acute and chronic pain and temperature perception, the influence of attention, and plasticity Allison J. Doupe (1954–2014), psychiatrist, biologist, and neuroscientist focusing on avian neurobiology and communication Lillian Dyck (born 1945), Saskatchewan senator, formerly a neuroscientist and dean at the University of Saskatchewan Gillian Einstein (born 1952), American-born Canadian neuroscientist focusing on the anatomy of the female brain Alison Fleming (fl 2004), neuroscientist working on mothering instincts and maternal behaviour Ariel Garten (born 1979), clothing designer and scientist exploring the intersection of art and neuroscience Isabel Gauthier (born 1971), cognitive neuroscientist and journal editor Mireille Gillings (born 1971), US-based Canadian neurobiologist and entrepreneur Rachel Sarah Herz (fl. from 1992), psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist focusing on the psychology of smell Judy Illes (born 1960), professor of neurology focusing on neuroethics Sheena Josselyn (fl. 2018), neuroscientist studying the neural basis of memory at the University of Toronto Ingrid Johnsrude (fl. from 1997), neuroscientist and professor focusing on brain structure and language ability, and degenerative brain diseases in the elderly Sheena Josselyn (fl. from 1990s), neuroscientist studying the neural basis of memory Sandi Lam (fl. from 2010's), neurosurgeon studying novel uses of neuroendoscopy in minimally invasive epilepsy surgery Daphne Maurer (fl. from late 1980s), experimental psychologist focusing on child development, vision and synaesthesia Brenda Milner (born 1918), British-Canadian neuroscientist focusing on clinical neuropsychology Kathryn Mary Murphy (fl. since early 1990s), neuroscientists studying the development and plasticity of the brain Cecilia Moens (fl 1994), research into development of hindbrain neurons Lorina Naci (fl. 2010s), Albanian-born Canadian psychologist and neuroscientist known for developing a method for communicating with patients in a persistent vegetative state Caroline Palmer (fl 1990), research into behavioural and neural foundations Isabelle Peretz (born 1956), professor of psychology specializing in music cognition Maria Natasha Rajah (fl 2007), cognitive neuroscientist working on episodic memory, ageing and dementia Jane Roskams (fl. from early 1990s), Isle of Man-born Canadian neuroscientist interested in Brain Big Data and Open Data sharing Deboleena Roy (fl. from 2008), neuroscientist focusing on reproductive neuroendocrinology and molecular biology Jane Rylett (fl 1994), molecular neurobiologist Lisa Saksida (fl 2000), touchscreen-based cognitive assessment Rebecca Saxe (fl 2008), professor of cognitive neuroscience at MIT Justine Sergent (1950–1994), Lebanese-born Canadian neuroscience researcher specializing in the functional neuroanatomy of face processing Bernice Shanet (born 1929), neurophysiologist specializing in neuroregeneration research Rae Silver (fl. 1997), neuroendocrinologist and neuroscientist researching the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus Debra W. Soh (born 1990), science columnist, sex researcher and psychologist Bojana Stefanovic (fl 2005), neuroscientist researching functional brain neuroimaging Jane Stewart (fl. from 1980s), neuroscientist active in psychology, psychiatry, and psychopharmacology Indre Viskontas (fl. since 2000s), Lithuanian-Canadian cognitive neuroscientist and operatic soprano Anna Weinberg (fl. 2014), psychologist, Canada Research Chair in Clinical Neuroscience, McGill University Catharine Winstanley (fl 2004), British-born Canadian behavioural neuroscientist Sandra Witelson (fl. 1999), neuroscientist best known for her analysis of specimens from Albert Einstein's brain
China Yang Dan (fl. from 1994), Chinese-born scientist based in the US specializing in neural circuits controlling sleep and the function of the prefrontal cortex Fan Wang (fl 1998), research at MIT on neural circuits underlying touch, pain and anesthesia Li Gan (fl 1996), researching mechanisms of microglia dysfunction in neurodegeneration Nancy Ip (born 1955), Hong Kong neuroscientist Lily Jan (born 1947), neuroscientist investigating the neuromuscular junction in Drosophila fly larvae Li-Huei Tsai (fl. from 1990), Taiwanese neuroscientist based in the US known for her work on neurological disorders that affect learning and memory Dayu Lin (fl 2000s), Chinese neuroscientist based in the U.S. studying neural circuits underlying aggression in rodents. Hailan Hu (fl 2000s), explores neural mechanisms underlying social behaviors and psychiatric diseases Guo-li Ming (fl 2002), researching stem cells to model genetic and environmental risk for brain disorders Hongkui Zeng (fl 2011), headed team creating the Allen Mouse Connectivity Atlas Li Zhaoping (born 1964), computational neuroscientist and vision scientist known for the V1 Saliency Hypothesis.
Croatia Marta Zlatic (born 1977), neuroscientist, group leader of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
Cyprus Panayiota Poirazi (born 1974), neuroscientist known for modelling dendritic computations, member of the European Molecular Biology Organization
Czech Republic Eva Syková (born 1944), neuroscientist researching ionic and volume homeostasis
Denmark Gudrun Boysen (born 1939), neurologist researching the causes and effects of strokes Gitte Moos Knudsen (born 1959), translational neurobiologist and clinical neurologist Maiken Nedergaard (fl. from late 1980s), neuroscientist known for discovering the glymphatic system Milena Penkowa (born 1973), neuroscientist guilty of scientific misconduct
Finland
Riitta Hari (born 1948), neuroscientist known for her work on the understanding of healthy and diseased human cortex development Miia Kivipelto (born 1973), neuroscientist researching dementia and Alzheimer's disease
France Denise Albe-Fessard (1916–2003), neuroscientist known for her research into the central nervous system pain pathways Angélique Arvanitaki (1901–1983), neuroscientist known for her research into the electrical activity of neurons Aurore Avarguès-Weber (born 1983), cognitive neuroscientist researching the behaviour of bees Anne Beaumanoir (born 1923), neurophysiologist and resistance worker who headed the neurophysiology department of the University Hospital of Geneva Cécile Charrier (born 1983), neuroscientist researcher, recipient of the 2021 Irène Joliot-Curie “Young Female Scientist of the Year” award. Augusta Déjerine-Klumpke (1859–1927), American-born French neuroanatomist known for co-authoring the two-volume book on the anatomy of nerve centers Anatomie des Centres Nerveux Brigitte Kieffer (born 1958), molecular neurobiologist known for researching opiate receptors Laurence Lanfumey (born 1954), neuroscientist specializing in preclinical research on neuroscience and molecular neuropsychopharmacology Marcelle Lapicque (1873–1960), neurophysiologist known for her research on nerve impulses and the effects of poisons Gabrielle Charlotte Lévy (1886–1934), neurologist for whose work the Roussy–Lévy syndrome and the Lhermitte-Lévy syndrome are named Isabelle Mansuy (born 1965), professor of neuroepigenetics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland Christine Petit (born 1948), geneticist known for pioneering work on the genetics of hearing and deafness Catherine Vidal (born 1951) is a neuroscientist specialized on difference between male and female brain Cécile Vogt-Mugnier (1875–1962), neurologist known for extensive cytoarchitectonic studies on the brain Claire Wyart (born 1977), biophysicist and neuroscientist studying the circuits underlying the control of locomotion, and chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite.
Germany Katrin Amunts (born 1962), neuroscientist known for brain mapping Laura Busse (born c.1977), researching neural circuits underlying visual processing at LMU Munich Angela D. Friederici (born 1952), expert in neuropsychology and linguistics Nadine Gogolla (fl. 2000s), neuroscientist known for decoding facial expressions in mice as emotion-like and correlating this to neural activity Magdalena Götz (born 1962), neuroscientist noted for her study of glial cells Sonja Hofer (born 1977), professor at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour Kerstin Krieglstein (fl. 2018), researching molecular neurobiology, neuronal survival and ontogenetic cell death