This is a timeline of the Northern Yuan dynasty.
14th century Year Date Event 1368 The Yuan dynasty retreats to Karakorum 1380 Ming dynasty sacks Karakorum 1381 December Ming conquest of Yunnan: Ming forces take Qujing 1382 April Ming conquest of Yunnan: Ming forces conquer Yunnan 1387 October Ming campaign against the Uriankhai: Naghachu surrenders to Ming forces 1388 May Battle of Buir Lake: Ming forces defeat Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür November Jorightu Khan Yesüder defeats Uskhal Khan and became the Khagan of Forty-four tumun Mongols 1399 The Four Oirats break away from Mongol Khagan
15th century Year Date Event 1408 Öljei Temür Khan defeats Örüg Temür Khan and becomes ruler of Mongols 1409 23 September Battle of Kherlen: Ming forces are defeated by Öljei Temür Khan 1410 15 June First Mongol Campaign: The Yongle Emperor defeats Öljei Temür Khan on the banks of the Onon River July First Mongol Campaign: Ming forces defeat Arughtai east of the Greater Khingan and withdraw to Nanjing 1414 April Second Mongol Campaign: Ming forces engage Oirats at the Tuul River, suffering heavy casualties, but ultimately prevail through the use of heavy cannon bombardments 1422 April Third Mongol Campaign: Ming forces are dispatched against Arughtai but fail to engage him in combat and return to Beijing 1423 August Fourth Mongol Campaign: The Yongle Emperor launches an offensive against Arughtai only to find out he had already been defeated by the Oirats 1424 April Fifth Mongol Campaign: The Yongle Emperor leads an expedition against the remnants of Arughtai's horde but fails to find them 1428 October Uriankhai raid Ming borders and the Xuande Emperor personally leads troops to repel them 1433 The Oirats install Taisun Khan as leader of the Eastern Mongols 1449 July Tumu Crisis: Esen Taishi of the Oirats and de facto ruler of the Northern Yuan launches an invasion of the Ming dynasty 4 August Tumu Crisis: The Zhengtong Emperor departs from Beijing to personally confront Esen Taishi 30 August Tumu Crisis: The Ming rearguard is defeated 1 September Tumu Crisis: The Ming army is annihilated and the Zhengtong Emperor is captured by Esen Taishi 27 October Esen Taishi lays siege to Beijing but fails to take it and withdraws after 5 days 1451 Esen Taishi declares himself Yuan Emperor, which causes widespread dissent among his followers 1454 Esen Taishi is killed and the Northern Yuan is once more split into two portions between the Oirats and Eastern Mongols 1479 Dayan Khan becomes ruler of Northern Yuan 1483 Dayan Khan defeats Ismayil Taishi
16th century Year Date Event 1504 Datong is raided by Mongols 1510 Dayan Khan conquers the Ordos Loop 1517 16 October Dayan Khan raids the Ming dynasty 20 October The Zhengde Emperor repels Dayan Khan's raiding party 1531 Datong comes under raid by Mongols 1536 Mongols raid Shanxi but are repelled 1537 Mongols raid Datong 1541 October Altan Khan raids Shaanxi 1542 July Altan Khan raids Shaanxi 4 August Ming forces are defeated by Altan Khan at Guangwu 8 August Altan Khan pillages the suburbs of Taiyuan 1548 June Mongols defeat Ming forces at Xuanfu October Mongols raid Huailai 1549 March Altan Khan defeats Ming forces at Xuanfu but suffers heavy casualties 1550 1 October Altan Khan pillages the suburbs of Beijing 6 October Ming forces are defeated by Mongols 1552 April Ming forces are defeated by Mongols north of Datong 1557 Daraisung Guden Khan is succeeded by his son, Tümen Zasagt Khan winter Sengge, son of Altan Khan, lays siege to a garrison near Datong 1566 Altan Khan captures some lamas in a raid 1576 Buddhism becomes the state religion of Northern Yuan 1577 Altan Khan names Sonam Gyatso the Dalai Lama, the first living person to take the title 1590 The Uriankhai and Yunshebu Tümen disperse, breaking into smaller units called ulus (nations) 1598 Mongols kill Li Rusong, the Ming commander-in-chief
17th century
Year Date Event 1619 Chahar-Jurchen War: Ligdan Khan attacks Guangning, a horse trading town under the protection of Nurhaci, but is defeated 1625 Chahar-Jurchen War: Ligdan Khan's attack is turned back by a combined Khorchin Jurchen force 1634 Chahar-Jurchen War: Ligdan Khan is overthrown and displaced by Hong Taiji 1636 Mongols south of the Gobi Desert submit to the Qing dynasty 1691 The Khalkha Mongols submit to the Qing dynasty after being invaded by the Dzungar Khanate 1696 Dzungar–Qing Wars: The Qing dynasty takes all of Mongolia from the Dzungar Khanate
References
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