The continent of Europe comprises a large part of the Palearctic ecozone, with many unique biomes and ecoregions. Biogeographically, Europe is tied closely to Siberia, commonly known as the Euro-Siberian region.
The European Environment Agency (EEA) divides Europe into a total of eleven terrestrial biogeographical regions and seven regional seas. The agency has issued the Digital Map of European Ecological Regions (DMEER), and operates with a total of 70 ecoregions, of which 58 are within the European continent. Some of these ecoregions are congruent with the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregions, and some are not.
List of ecoregions in Europe Below is an exhaustive list of the ecoregions of Europe as defined by the WWF.
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
WWF IDEcoregion (WWF)CountryMapPhoto PA0401 Apennine deciduous montane forests
Ecoregions in the WWF's Global 200 composite ecoregion European-Mediterranean montane mixed forest include: 6 Temperate coniferous forests: Apennine deciduous montane forests (Austria, France, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland) Crimean Submediterranean forest complex (Russia, Ukraine) Dinaric Mountains mixed forests (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia) North African Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests (France, Spain) Rodope montane mixed forests (Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia) and 2 Temperate coniferous forests: Alps conifer and mixed forests (Austria, France, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland) Carpathian montane conifer forests (Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine) Italy PA0402 Atlantic mixed forests Belgium, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Germany PA0403 Azores temperate mixed forests Portugal PA0404 Balkan mixed forests Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey PA0405 Baltic mixed forestsBaltic mixed forests include Natural beech wood Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden PA0406 Cantabrian mixed forests Spain, France, Portugal PA0408 Caucasus mixed forests
Ecoregions in the WWF's Global 200 composite ecoregion Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forests include: 4 Temperate coniferous forests: Caucasus mixed forests (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Georgia, Russia, Turkey) Elburz Range forest steppe (Iran) Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests (Turkey)
2 Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests: Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests (Azerbaijan, Iran) Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests (Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey)
and 1 Montane grasslands and shrublands: Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe (Iran, Turkmenistan) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey PA0409 Celtic broadleaf forests Ireland, United Kingdom PA0412 Central European mixed forests Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine PA0416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex Russia, Ukraine PA0418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia PA0419 East European forest steppe Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Russia PA0421 English Lowlands beech forests United Kingdom PA0422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey PA0429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests Ireland, United Kingdom (Northern Ireland and Scotland), Denmark (Faroe Islands) PA0431 Pannonian mixed forests Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine PA0432 Po Basin mixed forests Italy, Switzerland PA0433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests Andorra, France, Spain PA0435 Rodope montane mixed forests Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia PA0436 Sarmatic mixed forests Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden PA0445 Western European broadleaf forests Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Luxembourg. Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland
Temperate coniferous forests
WWF IDEcoregion (WWF)CountryMapPhoto PA0501 Alps conifer and mixed forests Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia PA0503 Caledonian conifer Forest United Kingdom PA0504 Carpathian montane conifer forests Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine PA0520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests Norway
Taiga and Boreal forests
WWF IDEcoregion (WWF)CountryMapPhoto PA0602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra Iceland PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia PA0610 Ural montane forests and tundra Russia
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
WWF IDEcoregion (WWF)CountryMapPhoto PA0807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands Faroe Islands, Denmark PA0814 Pontic steppe Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia
Tundra
WWF IDEcoregion (WWF)CountryMapPhoto PA1101 Arctic desert Norway and Russia PA1106 Kola Peninsula tundra Norway and Russia PA1108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra Russia PA1110 Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands Norway, Sweden, and Finland
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
WWF IDEcoregion (WWF)CountryMapPhoto PA1201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey PA1204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests France PA1205 Crete Mediterranean forests Greece PA1208 Iberian conifer forests Spain PA1209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests Spain, Portugal PA1210 Illyrian deciduous forests Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Slovenia PA1211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests Italy, France PA1215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests France, Spain PA1216 Northwest Iberian montane forests Portugal, Spain PA1217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests Greece, North Macedonia, and Albania PA1218 South Apennine mixed montane forests Italy PA1219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands Spain PA1221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests Portugal, Spain PA1222 Tyrrhenian–Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests Italy, France and Malta
Deserts and Xeric Shrublands
WWF IDEcoregion (WWF)CountryMapPhoto PA1308 Caspian lowland desert Russia and Kazachstan
Global 200 ecoregions in Europe
Terrestrial Terrestrial Global 200 ecoregions in Europe comprise three regions of Scandia alpine tundra and taiga, which is present in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden: PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga PA1106 Kola Peninsula tundra PA1110 Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands
Other Global 200 ecoregions: PA1214 Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Freshwater Global 200 Large river delta ecoregions in Europe: Volga River Delta (Kazakhstan, Russia) Danube Delta (Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Yugoslavia)
Small river ecoregions: Balkan rivers and streams (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Turkey, Yugoslavia)
Marine There are no marine Global 200 ecoregions in Europe.
Sources
References
External links Maps and basic data.