Kilpi is a Finnish language surname which means "shield", most prevalent in Tavastia Proper. Notable people with the surname include:
Eero Kilpi (1882–1954), Finnish actor Eeva Kilpi (1928–2026), Finnish writer and feminist Eino Kilpi (1889–1963), Finnish journalist and politician Marko Kilpi (born 1969), Finnish crime writer, police officer and politician Sylvi-Kyllikki Kilpi (1899–1987), Finnish journalist, literary critic and politician Volter Kilpi (1874–1939), Finnish author