Textual variants in the Epistle to the Romans

Textual variants in the Epistle to the Romans are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.

Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatusAdam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707) which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts."Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154 Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113

Legend

Textual variants

Romans 1:7 (in Rome) – א A B C D K P Ψ 33 81 88 104 181 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr cop arm Origen Ambst. Augustine (in love of God) – Codex Boernerianus omitted by 1739 1908 Origen

Romans 1:8 – א A B C D* K 33 81 1506 1739 1881 – D G Ψ Byz

Romans 1:15 ἐν Ῥώμῃ – omitted by G

Romans 1:29 – B 0172 1739 1881 Origen Basil – א A cop – C D 33 81 cop eth – D G (629 add πονηρια) it – L Ψ (88 add και after each word) 326 330 436 451 614 630 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect syr arm – 181 – 104 vg? – P – K

Romans 2:1

Romans 3:26 – א, A, B, C, K, P, 81, 88, 104, 181, 630, 1241, 1739, 1881, 1877, 1962, 2495, Byz, ℓ 598, ℓ 599, ℓ 603 – D, Ψ, 33, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 1985, 2127, 2492 – 1984 – 629 – syr omit F, G, 336, it

Romans 4:1

Romans 5:1

Romans 6:11 – , A, B, D, G, Ψ, 629, 630, 1739, it, vg – א, C, K, P, 33, 81, 88, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect – 104 omit it

Romans 6:16 (for death) – omitted by D, 1739*, d, r, am, pesh, sa, arm, Ambrosiaster

Romans 6:17 – majority of mss – A

Romans 7

Romans 8:1 – א, B, D, G, 1739, 1881, it, cop, eth – A, D, Ψ, 81, 629, 2127, vg – א, D, K, P, 33, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, (436 omit μη), 456, 614, 630, 1241, 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect

Romans 9:11 – , D, F, G, Ψ, Byz – א, B, C, 6, 81, 365, 630, 945, 1506, 1739, 1881, al

Romans 10:21 (and contrary) – omitted by F, G, g, Ambrosiaster, Hilary

Romans 11:1 – א, A, Β, C, D, K, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 88, 181, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, it, vg, syr, cop, arm, Origen, Eusebius, Chryzostom, Augustine, Theodoret – , G, it, goth, Ambrosiaster, Ambrose, Pelagius

Romans 12:9 – F, G, lat, syr replaced into

Romans 12:11 – א Α Β D P Ψ 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz – D* F G 5

Romans 13:1 – א Α Β D Ψ Byz – D* F G 629 945

Romans 13:9 – 01 048 81 88 104 326 330 365 436 451 629 1506 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz ℓ 597 ℓ 598 ℓ 599 a b vg (syr) cop – P – Α Β D F G L Ψ 6 33 181 614 630 1175 1241 1739 1877 1881 vgst syr cop – 2495

Romans 14:1

Romans 15:19 – א D P Ψ 88 181 326 436 614 629 1241 – A D G 33 81 104 630 1739 – 330 451

Romans 15:29 – א Α Β C D G P 81 629 630 1739 1881 ar d e f g x z vg cop arm – א Ψ 33 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 1241 1877 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect vg syr – eth

Romans 15:31 – א Α C D P Ψ 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect – B D G

Romans 16:15 – א Α Β C D P Ψ 33 81 88 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr cop arm – – C G

Romans 16:20 ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ (Χριστου) μεθ' ὑμῶν (The grace of our Lord Jesus (Christ) with you) – mss of the Alexandrian, Caesarean, and Byzantine text-types omitted by D*, F, G, d, f, g, m, bodl Ambrosiaster Pelagius

Romans 16:24 Verse omitted by Codex Sinaiticus A B C 5 81 263 623 1739 1838 1962 2127 it vg cop eth Origen) Verse included by D G Ψ 88 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr Verse included but following 16:27 P 33 104 256 436 1319 1837 syr arm

Romans 16:25-27 verses omitted by F, G, 629, d**?, g, goth?, Jerome

See also Alexandrian text-type Biblical inerrancy Byzantine text-type Caesarean text-type Categories of New Testament manuscripts Comparison of codices Sinaiticus and Vaticanus List of New Testament verses not included in modern English translations Textual variants in the New Testament Western text-type

References

Textual variants in the Epistle to the Romans

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