Countries Australia A number of Australian state governments have adopted systematic programmes based on the Private Finance Initiative. The first, and the model for most others, is Partnerships Victoria. While some PPP projects have proceeded smoothly, others have been highly controversial. Australian examples include the Airport Link, the Cross City Tunnel,Moore, Matthew, "Open Secrets", Sydney Morning Herald, 31 October 2005. Accessed 7 January 2007. and the Sydney Harbour Tunnel, all in Sydney; the Southern Cross station redevelopment in Melbourne; and the Robina hospital in Queensland.

In the 2010s, the States of New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria implemented policies to encourage market-led proposals, where potential private partners can pitch PS projects for consideration by the government.

Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, the Infrastructure Investment Facilitation Center facilitates private sector investment. As a result of their efforts, the telecom sector has become a very active private investment area.

Canada

In Canada, public–private partnerships have become significant in both social and infrastructure development. PPP Canada Inc. was created as a Crown corporation with an independent board of directors reporting through the Minister of Finance to Parliament. Its mandate is to improve the delivery of public infrastructure by achieving better value, timeliness and accountability to taxpayers, through P3s. The Corporation became operational in February 2009 with the appointments of a chair of the board of directors and a chief executive officer.

PPPs exist in a variety of forms in British Columbia through the focused efforts of Partnerships BC, a company registered under the Business Corporations Act, that is wholly owned by the province of British Columbia and reports to its shareholder the Minister of Finance. Projects include the Canada Line rapid transit line, the Abbotsford Hospital and Cancer Centre and the Sea-to-Sky Highway project.An Introduction to Public Private Partnerships. (PDF) . Retrieved on 20 November 2011. In Quebec, PPPs include the McGill University Health Centre, the new western extension of Autoroute 30 and Université de Montréal's Hospital Research Center.

China

The PPP model has been adapted to China, where there were 9,575 PPP projects with a total value of 15 trillion RMB in the country as of May 2020. The Chinese government particularly promotes the use of PPP in infrastructure development. In the Chinese PPP model, many of the "private partners" are state-owned enterprises, often local government financing vehicles. PPP projects in China involving privately held "private partners" are typically comparatively small projects like sewage works or garbage facilities.

European Union The European Commission sees Investments in public-sector infrastructure are seen as an important means of maintaining economic activity. As a result of this increase in the role played by PPPs in new public-sector infrastructure projects and the complexity of PPP contracts, the European PPP Expertise Centre (EPEC) was established to support the public sector's capacity to implement PPPs and help overcome problems common across Europe in PPPs.

From 1990 to 2009, nearly 1,400 PPP deals were signed in the European Union, representing a capital value of approximately €260 billion. On the onset of the financial crisis in 2008, estimates suggest that the number of PPP deals closed has fallen more than 40 percent that year.

A study, conducted by the European Court of Auditors of the European Union, examined 12 public-private partnerships in France, Greece, Ireland and Spain, in road transport and information and communications technology. It concluded that the partnerships were characterized by "widespread shortcomings and limited benefits" and underlined "considerable inefficiencies in the form of delays during construction and major cost increases".See European Court of Auditors, Public-Private Partnerships in the EU, p. 9.

Greece The Greek Inter-Ministerial PPP Committee authorized two Public-Private Partnership projects in September 2017 and October 2018, including eight schools in the Cretan Municipality of Chania and 13 schools on the island of Rhodes.

Netherlands The Netherlands Financial Sector Development Exchange (NFX) is a platform of ING, Rabobank, ABN AMRO, Fortis, Triodos Bank, FMO (Dutch development bank) and the Dutch Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Economic Affairs and Finance to stimulate financial sector development in developing countries and emerging markets.

Poland In July 2017, the Polish Council of Ministers approved the Policy for the Development of Public-Private Partnerships. In 2019, the Ministry offered public authorities with information and guidance on public-private partnerships. Poland is developing PPP Guidelines, following the path of the UK and other nations burdened by PPPs. In September 2018, the first installment on PPP Project Preparation was released.

Spain

In his paper on P3s in Spain, José Francisco Bellod Redondo notes that one of the main drivers for PFI in Spain is compliance with the fiscal restrictions imposed under the Maastricht Treaty and Stability and Growth Pact, which set concrete limits to the national debt.Bellod Redondo, José Francisco (November 2006), "Financiación privada de infraestructuras: El caso de la Autovía del Noroeste", Instituto de Estudios Fiscales Examples of PFI projects in Spain include Parque de Valdebebas in Madrid, Ciutat de la Justicia in Barcelona, the Autovia de Noroeste in Murcia, and the Hospital Puerta de Hierro in Majadahonda.

India

The Government of India defines a P3 as "a partnership between a public sector entity (sponsoring authority) and a private sector entity (a legal entity in which 51% or more of equity is with the private partner/s) for the creation and/or management of infrastructure for public purpose for a specified period of time (concession period) on commercial terms and in which the private partner has been procured through a transparent and open procurement system."

The union government has estimated an investment of $320 billion in infrastructure in the 10th plan. The major infrastructure development projects in the Indian state of Maharashtra (more than 50%) are based on the P3 model. In the 2000s, other states such as Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu also adopted this model. Sector-wise, road projects account for about 53.4% of the total projects in numbers, and 46% in terms of value. Ports come in second place and account for 8% of the total projects (21% of the total value). Other sectors including power, irrigation, telecommunication, water supply and airports, have gained momentum through the P3 model. , these sectors were expected to get an investment of Rs. 2,027,169 crore (according to 2006–2007 WPI). Recent failures of the major PPPs in India, such as the Tata Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project and the Khandwa Water Supply Augmentation Project, are now questioning the ability of PPPs to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals.See "History RePPPeated, How Public Private Partnerships are failing ", October 2018

In India, public–private partnerships have been extremely successful in developing infrastructure, particularly road assets under the National Highways Authority of India and Midday Meal Scheme with Akshaya Patra Foundation.

Israel

The Yozma Program that started in Israel in 1993 kick-started the venture capital scene with public incentives, Israel is now know as the Start-up Nation.

Japan

In Japan since the 1980s, the refers to joint corporations invested in by both public and private sectors.

In rail transport terms, a third-sector railway line is a short line or network of lines operated by a small operating company jointly owned by a prefectural/municipal government and smaller private interests. Third-sector lines are generally former JR Group – or, before 1987, Japanese National Railways (JNR) – lines that have been divested from those larger companies.

Most third-sector railway lines in Japan, especially those located in rural areas, operate in a somewhat similar fashion to that of community rail in the United Kingdom.

Pakistan

The PPP model developed in Pakistan is built around this approach, structured to provide a parallel alternatives to traditional healthcare using corporate infrastructures which has been packaged as corporate social responsibility.

Philippines The Philippine Government (Filipino ) maintains an online list of PPP projects. Wikipedia articles on specific PPP projects in the Philippines are categorized into :Category:Proposed infrastructure in the Philippines.

The Philippine BOT Law, Republic Act No. 6957 has been passed on May 5, 1994, and had been subsequently amended by RA 7718 with the Revised 2022 IRR of the BOT Law in 2012.

On December 5, 2023, President Bongbong Marcos signed Republic Act 11966 or the PPP Code of the Philippines. The PPP Code of the Philippines incorporates the best practices and lessons learned from over 33 years of experience in implementing PPPs in the country to ensure that present and future PPP projects are of high quality and can mitigate risks during implementation. The PPP Code of the Philippines also strengthens and institutionalizes PPPs in the country with a unified legal framework for both at the national and local levels by streamlining requirements, procedures, and regulatory approvals to create a more stable policy environment for all PPP projects; clarifying ambiguities in the existing BOT Law; reducing transaction costs with predictable tariff regime that safeguards public interests; and improving ease of doing business for PPPs.

On March 21, 2024, the implementing rules and regulations was signed by Government officials led by Arsenio Balisacan at The Mega Tower, Mandaluyong. "This pivotal moment underscores the Marcos administration's commitment to its Build Better More program of building and realizing high-quality, game-changing infrastructure projects that enable socioeconomic transformation," Balisacan said. "The PPP Code and its IRR aim to strengthen and institutionalize PPPs in the country by providing a unified legal framework for all PPPs at both national and local levels," he explained. It clarifies the ambiguities in the Build–operate–transfer Law, last amended in 1994, and other existing PPP legal frameworks.

Russia Nowadays there are special laws about PPP in 69 subjects of Russian Federation. But the biggest part of them are just declarations. Besides PPP in Russia is also regulated by Federal Law #115-FZ (21.07.2005) "On concessional agreements" and Federal Law #94-FZ (21.07.2005) "On Procurement of Goods, Works and Services for State and Municipal Needs". In some ways PPP is also regulated by Federal Law No.116-FZ (22.07.2005) "On special economic zones" (in terms of providing business benefits on special territories – in the broadest sense it is a variation of PPP).

Still all those laws and documents do not cover all possible PPP forms.

In February 2013 experts rated subjects of Russian Federation according to their preparedness for implementing projects via public–private partnership. The most developed region was Saint Petersburg (with rating 7.8), the least Chukotka (rating 0.0).

By 2013 there were almost 300 public–private partnership projects in Russia.

United Kingdom