Odescalchi is a surname of Italian origin. It may refer to:
Erba-Odescalchi, Italian noble family of princely rank Castello Orsini-Odescalchi, in Bracciano, in the Province of Rome, Lazio, Italy
Benedetto Odescalchi (1611-1689), the future pope Innocent XI
Benedetto II Erba Odescalchi (1679–1740), Italian Cardinal and Roman Catholic Archbishop of Milan Carlo Odescalchi (1785–1841), Italian prince and priest, archbishop of Ferrara, cardinal Livio Odescalchi (17th century), Italian nobleman, Duke of Bracciano, Ceri and Sirmium Ladislao Odescalchi (1920–2000), Italian sports shooter Paolo Odescalchi (died 1585), Italian Roman Catholic Bishop of Penne e Atri (1568–1572), and Apostolic Nuncio to Naples Giulio Maria Odescalchi (1612–1666), Italian Roman Catholic Bishop of Novara