Taiwanese Hangul (Hangul: ; ; ) is an orthography system for Taiwanese Hokkien (Taiwanese). Developed and promoted by Taiwanese linguist (許曹德) in 1987, it uses modified Hangul letters to represent spoken Taiwanese, and was later supported by Ang Ui-jin.台語文運動訪談暨史料彙編
Because both Chinese characters and Hangul are both written in the space of square boxes, unlike letters of the Latin alphabet, the use of Chinese-Hangul mixed writing is able to keep the spacing between the two scripts more consistent compared to Chinese-Latin mixed writing. Anecdotally, the system was boosted by in the 1990s as an early attempt to communicate in spoken Taiwanese using the then newly introduced mail servers being implemented at the National Taiwan University.
Letters Initials BilabialAlveolarAlveolo-palatalVelarGlottalVoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoicedVoicelessNasal ᄆ ㄇ 毛 (mo͘ )ᄂ ㄋ 耐 (nāi) ㄸ ㄫ 雅 (ngá)StopUnaspiratedᄇ ㄅ 邊 (pian)ᄈ ㆠ 文 (bûn)ᄃ ㄉ 地 (tē) ᄀ ㄍ 求 (kiû)ᄁ ㆣ 語 (gí)Aspiratedᄑ ㄆ 波 (pho) ᄐ ㄊ 他 (thaⁿ) ᄏ ㄎ 去 (khì) AffricateUnaspirated ᄌ ㄗ 曾 (tsan/chan)ᄍ ㆡ 熱 (joa̍h)ᄌ ㄐ 尖 (tsiam/chiam)ᄍ ㆢ 入 (ji̍p) Aspirated ᄎ ㄘ 出 (tshut/chhut)ᄎ ㄑ 手 (tshiú/chhiú) Fricative ㅅ ㄙ 衫 (saⁿ)ㅅ ㄒ 寫 (siá) ᄒ ㄏ 喜 (hí)Lateral ᄅ ㄌ 柳 (liú)
Vowels +Monophthongs FrontCentralBackSimpleNasalSimpleSimpleNasalCloseᅵ ㄧ 衣 (i)잇 ㆪ 圓 (îⁿ)ᅮ ㄨ 污 (u)웃 ㆫ 張 (tiuⁿ)Midᅦ ㆤ 禮 (lé)엣 ㆥ 生 (seⁿ)ᅥ ㄜ 高 (ko)ᅩ ㆦ 烏 (o͘ )옷 ㆧ 翁 (oⁿ)Openᅡ ㄚ 查 (cha)앗 ㆩ 衫 (saⁿ) +Diphthongs & TriphthongsDiphthongsᅢ ㄞ (ai)알 ㄠ (au)ᅣ ㄧㄚ (ia)ᅧ ㄧㄜ (io)ᅲ ㄧㄨ (iu)ᅪ ㄨㄚ (oa)ᅰ ㄨㆤ (oe)ᅱ ㄨㄧ (ui)Triphthongs얄 ㄧㄠ (iau)ᅫ ㄨㄞ (oai)
Coda endings BilabialAlveolarVelarGlottalNasal consonantᄆ ㆬ (-m)ᄂ ㄣ (-n)ㅇ ㆭ (-ng)Stop consonantᄇ ㆴ (-p)ᄃ ㆵ (-t)ᄀ ㆻ (-k)ᄒ ㆷ (-h)
Tone markings Hangul Latin diacriticsChinese tone nameExamplesHangul/Latin/Hanzi (Listen 🔊)meaning1ᄋabsent (yinping)dark level카ᄋ// 🔊foot; leg 2ᄅ◌́ ()/ (yinshang)rising / dark rising쥐ㄹ// 🔊water3ᄂ◌̀ (yinqu)dark departing갈ㄴ// 🔊arrive4ᄋabsent (yinru)dark entering빻ㅇ/bah/ 🔊meat5ᄉ◌̂ (yangping)light level옹ㅅ// 🔊king(6)appears only in Lukang dialect;merged to 7 in the prestige dialectnot devised◌̆ (yangshang)light rising[]/ (Lukang)/ violate / commit (a crime)7ᄀ◌̄ (yangqu)light departing환ㄱ/ (prestige)/ 🔊violate / commit (a crime)8ᄇ ̍ (overstroke/vertical line above) (yangru)light entering쫳ㅂ// 🔊hotContinuous tone sandhiㅣabsentoccurs when a character/syllable isbefore another one in a phrase.Rule of the prestige dialect:5→7, 7→3, 3→2, 2→1, 1→7;4→8, 8→4대시끼ㄹ// 🔊Taiwanese language
Different use of Hangul between Taiwanese and Korean Taiwanese Hokkien Korean Note ㅃ , a voiced consonant , a tense consonant ㄲ , a voiced consonant , a tense consonant ㅉ or , a voiced consonant , a tense consonant ㄸ , as the syllable onset such as 따 ㅎ , a glottal stop as the syllable coda such as 앟 ㅅ , vowel nasalization as the syllable coda such as 앗 ㅆ /ⁿʔ/, a combination of ㅅ and ㅎ or as the syllable coda such as 았 ᅥ or ᅩ ㅐ 알 ㅡ silent ㅢ 읨, 읭 , ,
Examples Matthew 6:1 Taiwanese Hangul Pe̍h-ōe-jī Chinese characters 關係行善的教訓
恁著謹慎，毋通為著欲予儂看，故意蹛儂的面前顯示恁的善行；恁若按呢做，恁就袂當對天父得著報賞。 Chinese-Hangulmixed writing 關係行善에教訓
린뎧謹慎，음탕為뎧뼇호儂看，故意돠儂에面前顯示린에善行；린若안네做，린就뻬당뒤天父得뎧報賞。 Chinese-Latinmixed writing 關係行善ê教訓
Lín tio̍h謹慎，m̄-thang為tio̍h boeh hō͘儂看，故意toà儂ê面前顯示lín ê善行；Lín若án-ne做，lín就bē-tàng tùi天父得tio̍h報賞。 Hangul 관헤 형센 에 갈훈
린 뎧 긴신，음탕 위뎧 뼇 호 랑 쾃，고이 돠 랑 에 삔졍 헨시 린 에 센형；린 나 안네 저，린 쥬 뻬당 뒤 텐후 딛뎧 버슛。 Romanization Koan-he Hêng-siān ê Kàu-hùn
Lín tio̍h kín-sīn, m̄-thang ūi-tio̍h boeh hō͘ lâng khoàⁿ, kò-ì toà lâng ê bīn-chêng hián-sī lín ê siān-hêng.Lín nā án-ne chò, lín chiū bē-tàng tùi Thian-hū tit-tio̍h pò-siúⁿ.
References
See also
External links Taiwanese Hangul