Nirmal Purja (; 25 July 1983 – 30 July 2026), also known as Nims or Nimsdai, was a Nepali-British mountaineer. Before pursuing a career in mountaineering, he served in the British Army with the Brigade of Gurkhas and later in the Special Boat Service (SBS), the special forces unit of the Royal Navy.
Purja climbed all 14 eight-thousanders – peaks above – in a then-record time of six months and six days with the aid of bottled oxygen between April and October 2019; the record stood until broken in 2023 by Kristin Harila and Tenjen Sherpa. Purja continues to hold the record for the fastest ascent of all eight-thousanders without supplementary oxygen at two years and 150 days. Purja was the first person to reach the summits of Mount Everest, Lhotse, and Makalu within 48 hours. In 2021, he and a team of nine other Nepalese climbers completed the first winter ascent of K2. Considered one of the most accomplished climbers of his generation, Purja is widely regarded as a major figure in modern high-altitude mountaineering.
In July 2026, Purja and nine other climbers died in an avalanche on the Pakistani side of Broad Peak.
Early life Nirmal ("Nims") Purja was born on 25 July 1983 in Dana, a small village in Nepal's Myagdi District near Dhaulagiri, at 1,600 m above sea level. He was the fourth of five children of Nanda Bahadur Purja and Purna Kumari. His father was a Gurkha soldier in the Indian Army, and his mother came from a farming background. Because they were from different Nepalese castes, their marriage was frowned upon, and both were cut off financially and socially from their families. Purja told National Geographic, "We came from a really poor family", and "As a kid, I remember I didn't even have flip-flops". When he was four, his family moved lower down to the Chitwan District near Kathmandu.
Purja's three older brothers became Gurkha soldiers and they funded his attendance at an English-speaking boarding school. During his schooling, he became proficient in kick-boxing. He later attended Loughborough University in England, where he received a postgraduate diploma in security management.
Military career (2003–2018) Purja joined the Brigade of Gurkhas in 2003 and was accepted into the Royal Navy's Special Boat Service (SBS) in 2009, becoming the first Gurkha to join the elite British unit. He served in the SBS as a cold-weather warfare specialist. Purja said that he was involved in all theatres of war in which Britain was engaged and that he was wounded when a sniper bullet struck the butt of his rifle, narrowly missing his neck.
In 2018 he resigned from the SBS to focus full-time on high-altitude mountaineering. He had become an important contributor to his family while serving in the military and he was giving up his army pension, which he described as "a life-changing" amount of money.
Climbing career (2012–2026) Early Himalayan ascents Purja made his first major Himalayan climb in 2012, reaching the summit of Lobuche East with no previous mountaineering experience. On 18 May 2014, he made his first ascent of an eight-thousander by summiting Dhaulagiri (8,167 metres) during a return trip of only 15 days. On 13 May 2016, he summited Mount Everest, his second eight-thousander.
On 15 May 2017, Purja led the Gurkha Expedition "G200E", which summited Everest with 13 Gurkhas to commemorate 200 years of Gurkha service in the British Army. He climbed Mount Everest nine times: the third time on 27 May 2017, the fourth on 22 May 2019, the fifth on 31 May 2021, the sixth on 15 May 2022, the seventh 13 days later on 28 May 2022, the eighth on 17 May 2023, and the ninth on 27 May 2026.
Project Possible 14/7
With a plan to complete all 14 eight-thousanders in seven months, Purja summited the first mountain on 23 April 2019 and completed the first six-summit phase of his "Project Possible 14/7" on 24 May 2019: Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Kangchenjunga, Mount Everest, Lhotse, and Makalu. He climbed with Sherpas Mingma Gyabu "David" Sherpa, Lakpa Dendi (Zekson Son), Geljen Sherpa and Tensi Kasang, among other mountaineers. The last five summits were climbed in only 12 days. He broke his previous Guinness World Record by climbing Everest, Lhotse, and Makalu within 2 days and 30 minutes.
Purja completed the second phase in July 2019, climbing Nanga Parbat (8126 m, 3 July), Gasherbrum I (8080 m, 15 July), Gasherbrum II (8034 m, 18 July), K2 (8611 metres, 24 July) and Broad Peak (8047 m, 26 July), all in Pakistan.
The third and final phase began in September 2019. He summitted Cho Oyu (8188 m, Tibet) on 23 September and Manaslu (8163 m, Nepal) on 27 September. On 1 October 2019, Chinese authorities granted Purja and his team a special permit to climb Shishapangma (8027 m, Tibet, China) in the autumn season, at the request of the Nepali government. Purja left Nepal for Tibet on 18 October 2019, leading a five-member expedition, and completed Project Possible 14/7 with a successful summit on 29 October using supplemental oxygen.
Research published in 2022 noted that during Project 14/7, Purja had stopped at the rocky fore summit of Dhaulagiri and at the ridge point on Manaslu.
In addition to the fastest ascent of the 14 tallest mountains with supplemental oxygen, Purja broke several further records: most 8,000 m mountains climbed in the spring season (six); most 8,000 m in the summer season (five); fastest summit of the three highest mountains in the world, (Everest, K2 and Kangchenjunga; fastest summit of the five highest mountains in the World, Everest, K2, Kangchenjunga, Lhotse and Makalu); fastest lower 8000ers, (Gasherbrum I, II, and Broad Peak); and fastest higher 8,000ers, with consecutive summits of Everest, Lhotse and Makalu in 48 hours (beats his own previous record of five days).
During Project Possible in May 2019, a photo taken by Purja of overcrowding on Everest went viral and was published in The New York Times.
Project Possible was documented in the Netflix film 14 Peaks: Nothing Is Impossible, released on 29 November 2021.
First winter ascent of K2 Purja, along with nine other Nepali mountaineers, made history on 16 January 2021 as the first to climb K2 in winter. His teamMingma David Sherpa, Mingma Tenzi Sherpa, Geljen Sherpa, Pem Chiri Sherpa, Dawa Temba Sherpa, and himselfjoined the team of Mingma Gyalje Sherpa (Mingma G), Dawa Tenjin Sherpa and Kilu Pemba Sherpa, and Sona Sherpa from Seven Summits Treks. They successfully summited K2 at 16:58 local time in Pakistan. This was the first successful K2 winter ascent after numerous attempts since 1987. Purja was the only team member to reach the summit without supplemental oxygen, becoming the first person to do so in winter.
After severe weather conditions hit the lower camps at the foot of K2 and some equipment was lost, Nepali mountaineers from the three teams decided to join efforts and climb the peak together. But they did not. Purja and his team agreed to summit together with another team so that Purja's team could use the other team's ropes. However, Purja then summited with his team, using the other team's ropes, earlier than agreed, leading him to summit first. Technically the first to summit but unethically achieved.
Further achievements In May 2022, Purja set a new speed record for ascending Kangchenjunga, Mount Everest, and Lhotse consecutively without supplemental oxygen, with a time of 8 days 23 hours, and 10 minutes. He ascended Kangchenjunga on 7 May at 10:50 am, Everest on 15 May at 8 am (his sixth ascent of Everest), and, after 26 hours, ascended Lhotse on 16 May at 10 am.
On 4 October 2024, Purja broke two world records after summiting Shishapangma: the fastest time to summit all 14 peaks without supplemental oxygen (2 years and 5 months), and the fastest to summit all 14 peaks both with and without supplemental oxygen.
On 21 October 2024, he became the first person to summit the 14 peaks and the Seven Summits both with and without supplemental oxygen.
In 2025, Purja announced his latest challenge, the Hat-Trick Challenge, aiming to complete the 14 Peaks and the Seven Summits for the third time. He said he would self‑fund the project, with all donations and sponsorship money supporting the Nimsdai Foundation. The Foundation's mission is to support Big Mountain communities through initiatives including education, emergency aid, and environmental projects. Its most high‑profile project is the Big Mountain Clean Up, launched to remove waste from the high peaks.
On 3 July 2025, Purja announced that he had summitted Nanga Parbat in Pakistan. This was his 50th successful ascent of an 8,000m peak and his 22nd without supplemental oxygen. These ascents set two new records: the most successful summits by any climber and the most successful summits without supplemental oxygen.
In May 2026, Purja broke his own world record for the fastest traverse of Everest and Lhotse without supplemental oxygen. He climbed from the summit of Everest to the summit of Lhotse in 13 hours, beating his previous record of 25 hours. A few days later, he summitted Makalu, marking his 56th ascent of an 8,000 m peak and further increasing his record for the highest number of 8,000 m summits.
Ascents of eight-thousanders Research published in 2022 could only verify three climbersPurja, Ed Viesturs, and Veikka Gustafssonas having stood on the true geographical summit of all 14 eight‑thousanders. The researchers noted that during Project 14/7, Purja had stopped at the rocky fore summit of Dhaulagiri and at the ridge point on Manaslu. They also noted that he corrected this in autumn 2021 when he reached the true summits of both mountains.
The following table lists all of Purja's ascents of eight‑thousander peaks:
S.no. Eight-thousander peak (height) Date of ascent1.Mount Everest (8848 m) 13 May 2016, 15 May 2017, 27 May 2017, 22 May 2019, 31 May 2021, 15 May 2022, 28 May 2022, 17 May 2023, 27 May 20262.K2 (8611 m) 24 July 2019, 16 January 2021, 22 July 20223.Kangchenjunga (8586 m) 15 May 2019, 7 May 2022, 18 May 20254.Lhotse (8516 m) 27 May 2017, 22 May 2019, 16 May 2022, 28 May 2022, May 2023, 27 May 2026 5.Makalu (8485 m) 1 June 2017, 24 May 2019, 5 June 2023 6.Cho Oyu (8188 m) 23 September 2019, 2 October 20237.Dhaulagiri (8167 m) 18 May 2014, 12 May 2019, 8 October 20218.Manaslu (8163 m) 27 September 2019, 27 September 2021, 25 September 20259.Nanga Parbat (8125 m) 3 July 2019, 2 July 2023, 3 July 202510.Annapurna (8091 m) 23 April 2019, April 2023, 15 April 2024 11.Gasherbrum I (8080 m) 15 July 2019, 21 July 2023, July 202512.Broad Peak (8051 m) 26 July 2019, 25 July 2023, July 202513.Gasherbrum II (8034 m) 18 July 2019, 17 July 2023, 21 July 202614.Shishapangma (8027 m) 29 October 2019, 4 October 2024, 9 October 2024
Personal life Nirmal Purja was widely known as Nimsdai, with dai meaning "elder brother" in Nepali. Purja was of Magar descent and was raised Hindu. His family had longstanding ties to the Brigade of Gurkhas. His father served in the Gorkha Regiment of the Indian Army, while three of his older brothers served as Gurkha soldiers. His mother came from a farming background. Purja described becoming a Gurkha as his principal childhood ambition, following the example set by his father and brothers.
In 2006, he married Suchi Purja, the daughter of a Gurkha soldier, who worked in dentistry. The couple settled in Eastleigh, near Southampton, and had one daughter. Suchi appeared alongside her husband in connection with his mountaineering career, including in the documentary 14 Peaks: Nothing Is Impossible, which portrayed the effect that his expeditions and ambitions had on their family life.