Pau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Akina Pau (born 1974), Hong Kong fencer Carlos Pau y Español (1857–1937), Spanish botanist Pau Cin Hau, Burmese religious leader Joan Margarit i Pau (died 1484), Spanish Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal Paul Pau (1848–1932), French general Peter Pau (born 1951), Hong Kong cinematographer Petra Pau (born 1963), German politician Sioe Gouw Pau (born 1935), Indonesian Olympic fencer Tyrone Pau, Cook Islander professional rugby league footballer Pau Shiu-hung (born 1942), Hong Kong politician