General elections were held in Indonesia on 14 February 2024 to elect the president, vice president, and People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), which consists of the House of Representatives (DPR), the Regional Representative Council (DPD), and members of local legislative bodies (DPRD) at the provincial and city or regency levels. The newly elected members of the MPR were sworn in on 1 October 2024, while the elected president and vice president was sworn in on 20 October 2024. Incumbent President Joko Widodo was ineligible to run for a third term due to limitations established by the Indonesian constitution.

The election had over 204 million eligible voters voting in over 800,000 polling stations across the country on the same date. Three presidential candidates contested the election: defense minister and retired Army General Prabowo Subianto, running with the Mayor of Surakarta Gibran Rakabuming Raka, former Governor of Jakarta Anies Baswedan, running with House Deputy Speaker Muhaimin Iskandar, and former Governor of Central Java Ganjar Pranowo running with Political, Legal, and Security Coordinating Minister Mahfud MD. The legislative election saw 24 contesting parties – including six exclusively in Aceh – field over 250,000 candidates contesting over 20,000 seats.

In the presidential elections, Prabowo received a majority of the vote in the first round, requiring no runoffs. Prabowo's 96.2 million votes were the highest received by any candidate in a democratic election in Indonesia, surpassing Joko Widodo's 85.6 million votes won in the 2019 election. In the legislative elections, eight parties qualified for the national legislature, with the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) remaining the largest party in the House of Representatives despite losing seats. Golkar gained the most seats, while the United Development Party (PPP) lost national parliamentary representation for the first time in its history as it fell short of the 4% parliamentary threshold.

The 2024 election marked the first time since the beginning of the Reform era in 1998 that a single political party secured the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives for three consecutive general elections. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) accomplished this milestone.

It was also the first time since 2004 that the political party of the elected president did not win the most seats in the legislature. In this election, the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), led by President-elect Prabowo Subianto, placed third in terms of parliamentary seats, although it continues to enjoy strong coalition support.

The 2024 legislative election also marked the fourth consecutive increase in parliamentary seats for Gerindra since its first participation in 2009. Similarly, the National Democratic Party (NasDem) saw its third consecutive gain in seats since it first contested a legislative election in 2014.

This election is the fifth in a row where the candidate who won in the 12 provinces below, Bangka Belitung Islands, Central Java, North Sumatra, Central Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, East Java, Yogyakarta, Lampung, Papua, Riau Islands, Jakarta, and Central Sulawesi, also won the general election, strengthening their status as bellwether provinces.

Electoral system The election was held in accordance with the Law No. 7 of 2017. The General Elections Commission (KPU), an independent statutory body, was responsible for organizing the election.

All voters were given five ballot papers: one for president and vice president, one for the House of Representatives (DPR), one for the Regional Representative Council (DPD), one for the Provincial Regional House of Representatives (DPRD Provinsi), and one for the Municipal Regional House of Representatives (DPRD Kota/Kabupaten). Voters in Jakarta received just four ballot papers, while overseas voters received just two. Voters used a nail to poke a hole in the ballot paper indicating which party or candidate they wished to vote for, and then dipped their fingers in ink as a precaution against voter fraud.

Presidential In order to run as a presidential candidate, a candidate had to be formally endorsed by a political party or a coalition thereof holding a minimum of 20 percent of seats in the DPR or having won at least 25 percent of the popular vote in the previous election, i.e. in the 2019 election.

The voting procedure followed a two-round system, with voters simply choosing one of the candidate pairs. A winning candidate required a majority and at least 20% of the votes in over half of Indonesia's provinces to be declared the winner. If no candidate pairs had fulfilled the criterion (50%+1 of total popular votes), the election would have had to progress to a second round with only the two candidates receiving the most popular votes, which would have been held on 26 June.

According to the Indonesian electoral law of 2017 and by the decision of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia number 90/PUU-XII/2023, presidential candidates have to:

Be at least 40 years old or have/are currently holding positions that are elected through general elections, including regional head elections Have been resident in Indonesia for at least 5 years; and Not have held foreign citizenship, either at the time of the election or at any time before.

Legislative Members of both the House of Representatives (DPR) and the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) were elected from multi-member electoral districts through voting with an open list system, and seat distribution is done with the Sainte-Laguë method. There was a gender quota requiring at least 30% of registered candidates to be female.

A 4% parliamentary threshold is set for parties to be represented in the DPR, though candidates could still win seats in the regional councils provided they won sufficient votes. There were 580 DPR seats contested. Nationally, there are 84 national electoral districts, with 301 provincial and 2,375 municipal electoral districts. Senatorial candidates for the DPD were not allowed to be members of any political party. Four senators were elected for each province – a total of 152 members from all 38 provinces.

These were the first elections for provincial deputies and representatives of both Houses for Central Papua, Southwest Papua, South Papua, and Highland Papua - all new provinces formed in 2022. On 12 December 2022, Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 was signed and published to amend the 2017 electoral law to make the new electoral regions to those provinces and facilitate the election there.

Nusantara, the designated new national capital, was not a new separate electoral region in the 2024 general elections as it is still under construction and therefore had an insufficient population for it to have its electoral district. Therefore, the government decided that the DPR will serve as a temporary representation body until 2029 when Nusantara can be established as a new electoral region. For the 2024 election, electors living within Nusantara were included in the East Kalimantan electoral region.

Voters

The voting age is 17, or less if the voter has an Indonesian biometric identity card or e-KTP through marriage. However, since the age of marriage was amended to age 19 in 2019, there are no longer any married people under the age of 17. Members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and the Indonesian Police (Polri) are not allowed to vote. Around 33 percent of voters were Millennials, and 23 percent were part of Generation Z.

On 18 April 2023, the KPU announced that there were provisionally 205,853,818 registered voters, including 1,574,737 voters registered overseas. It was planned that the vote would be held in 823,287 polling stations (TPS). This was updated to a "final" figure of 204,807,222 voters in July 2023, who were to vote in 823,220 polling stations.

Postal ballots were sent to Indonesian embassies overseas in early January 2024. Although overseas voters cast their votes before voters in Indonesia, the KPU explicitly banned any exit polls or publication of results from overseas voting before the election process had been completed across Indonesia.

Voting occurred between 7:00 and 13:00 local time, although voters who had arrived before 13:00 and were still in the queue were allowed to cast their votes after the deadline.

Contesting parties

To participate in the election, political parties had to have branches in every province in Indonesia, 75% of regencies or cities in those provinces, and 50% of districts in regencies where the party have branches. In April 2022, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights declared the names of 75 national political parties eligible to register for the 2024 elections. In the end, a total of 24 political parties registered with the KPU to run in the election nationally. On 14 December 2022, the KPU announced that 17 parties would be eligible to contest the legislative election.

The Ummah Party, who the KPU deemed not qualified to participate in the elections, accused the KPU of irregularities in the process. The party subsequently filed a written complaint. Following mediations brokered by Bawaslu between the party and the KPU on 20 and 21 December, Bawaslu instructed the electoral commission to repeat the verification process for Ummah Party. The party declared as qualified to participate in the election on 30 December.

Meanwhile, the Just and Prosperous People's Party (PRIMA), which registration was initially rejected, filed a lawsuit against KPU, and won the right for a second verification from the KPU. However, on 19 April 2023, the KPU deemed PRIMA not qualified to participate in 2024 elections after the party failed in its factual verification phase, where the KPU found the party's membership numbers below the required threshold. The Indonesian Justice and Unity Party and Berkarya Party also failed to qualify for the election, despite participating in 2019 and having previously had party members elected as members of regional legislatures then.

English name Leader 2019 result Votes (%) Seats PKB National Awakening Party Muhaimin Iskandar 9.69% Gerindra Great Indonesia Movement Party Prabowo Subianto 12.57% PDI-P Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Megawati Sukarnoputri 19.33% Golkar Party of Functional Groups Airlangga Hartarto 12.31% NasDem NasDem Party Surya Paloh 9.05% PB Labour Party Said Iqbal New Gelora Indonesian People's Wave Party Anis Matta New PKS Prosperous Justice Party Ahmad Syaikhu 8.21% PKN Nusantara Awakening Party Anas Urbaningrum New Hanura People's Conscience Party Oesman Sapta Odang 1.54% Garuda Change Indonesia Guardian Party Ahmad Ridha Sabana 0.50% PAN National Mandate Party Zulkifli Hasan 6.84% PBB Crescent Star Party Yusril Ihza Mahendra 0.79% Demokrat Democratic Party Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono 7.77% PSI Indonesian Solidarity Party Kaesang Pangarep 1.89% Perindo Indonesian Unity Party Hary Tanoesoedibjo 2.67% PPP United Development Party Muhamad Mardiono 4.52% Ballot number 18-23 allocated to local parties in Aceh PNA Aceh State Party Irwandi Yusuf DNP Gabthat Aceh's Generation Unite in Obedience and Piety Party Ahmad Tajuddin PDA Aceh Abode Party Muhibbussabri A. Wahab PA Aceh Party Muzakir Manaf PAS Aceh Aceh Just and Prosperous Party Tu Bulqaini Tanjongan SIRA Independent Solidity of Acehnese Party Muslim Syamsuddin Ummat Ummah Party Ridho Rahmadi New

Presidential election

Candidates