Nikolsky () is a surname. Notable people with the name include:

People Alexander A. Nikolsky (1903–1963), American helicopter theoretical pioneer Alexander Nikolsky (1858–1942), Soviet zoologist Alexandru Nicolschi (1915–1992), Romanian and Soviet communist politician Andrei Nikolsky (1959–1995), Russian pianist Andronik (Nikolsky) (1870–1918), bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church and a saint Boris Nikolsky (1900–1990), Soviet physical chemist and radiochemist Konstantin Nikolsky (born 1951), Russian rock musician Mikhail Nikolsky (1891–?), Russian historian and founder of assyriology in Russia Nikolay Nikolskiy (1877–1959), Russian ethnographer and historian Nikolay Nikolsky (1878–1961), Soviet religious historian, orientalist, and academician Nikolay Kapitonovich Nikolski (born 1940), Russian mathematician Pyotr Nikolsky (1858–1940), Russian dermatologist Sergey Nikolskiy, Soviet sprint canoer who competed in the mid to late 1970s Sergey Nikolsky (1905–2012), Russian mathematician Vladimir Kapitonovich Nikolsky (1894 – 1953), Soviet historian, ethnologist, translator.