IARC group 2B substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances are those that have been classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This category is used when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is insufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but sufficient evidence in experimental animals. In some cases, an agent, mixture, or exposure circumstance with inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence in experimental animals, combined with supporting evidence from other relevant data, may be included in this group.
This list focuses on the hazard linked to the agents. This means that the carcinogenic agents are capable of causing cancer, but this does not take their risk into account, which is the probability of causing a cancer given the level of exposure to this carcinogenic agent. The list is up to date .
Agents and groups of agents
A A-α-C (2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole) Acetaldehyde Acetamide AF-2 (2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide) Aflatoxin M1 1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone 2-Amino-4-chlorophenol para-Aminoazobenzene ortho-Aminoazotoluene 2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole Amsacrine Anthracene Arecoline Aspartame
B Benz[j]aceanthrylene Benz[a]anthracene Benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[j]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[c]phenanthrene Benzophenone Benzofuran Benzyl violet 4B 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol BK polyomavirus (BKV) Bleomycin Bracken fern 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane Bromochloroacetic acid Bromodichloromethane 1-Bromopropane 1-Butyl glycidyl ether Butyl methacrylate Butylated hydroxyanisole β-Butyrolactone
C Caffeic acid Carbazole Carbon black Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled MWCNT-7 Carbon tetrachloride Catechol Chlordane Chlordecone (Kepone) Chlorendic acid para-Chloroaniline 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone Chloroform 1-Chloro-2-methylpropene 3-Chloro-2-methylpropene, technical grade 4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride 2-Chloronitrobenzene 4-Chloronitrobenzene Chlorophenoxy herbicides 4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine Chloroprene Chlorothalonil Chrysene CI Acid Red 114 CI Basic Red 9 CI Direct Blue 15 CI DIrect Blue 218 Citrus Red No. 2 Cobalt(II) oxide Cobalt and cobalt compounds Cobalt sulfate and other soluble cobalt(II) salts Coconut oil diethanolamine condensate para-Cresidine Crotonaldehyde Cumene Cupferron Cycasin
D Dacarbazine Dantron (Chrysazin, 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone) Daunomycin DDT (p,p'''-DDT) N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine 2,4-Diaminoanisole 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether 2,4-Diaminotoluene Dibenz[a,h]acridine Dibenz[c,h]acridine 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene Dibromoacetic acid Dibromoacetonitrile 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 2,3-Dibromopropan-1-ol 1,4-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene Dichloroacetic acid para-Dichlorobenzene 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether 1,2-Dichloroethane 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 1,3-Dichloropropene (technical grade) 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol Dichlorvos Diethanolamine Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1,2-Diethylhydrazine Diglycidyl resorcinol ether Digoxin Dihydrosafrole Diisopropyl sulfate 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (o-Dianisidine) N,N-Dimethylacetamide para-Dimethylaminoazobenzenetrans-2-[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole 2,6-Xylidine (2,6-Dimethylaniline) Dimethylarsinic acid 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (o-Tolidine) 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite Dimethyl-p-toluidine 3,7-Dinitrofluoranthene 3,9-Dinitrofluoranthene 1,3-Dinitropyrene 1,6-Dinitropyrene 1,8-Dinitropyrene 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,6-Dinitrotoluene 1,4-Dioxane 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine Diphenylamine Disperse Blue 1 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene,Solvent yellow 2( MSDS India )
E 1,2-Epoxybutane Ethyl acrylate Ethylbenzene Ethylene dichloride 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Ethyl methanesulfonate
F Foreign bodies, implanted in tissues Polymeric, prepared as thin smooth films (with the exception of poly(glycolic acid)) Metallic, prepared as thin smooth films Metallic cobalt, metallic nickel and an alloy powder containing 66-67% nickel, 13-16% chromium and 7% iron 2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole Fumonisin B1 Furan
G Gentian violetGinkgo biloba extract Glu-P-1 (2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole) Glu-P-2 (2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole) Glycidaldehyde Griseofulvin
H HC Blue No. 1 Heptachlor Hexachlorobenzene Hexachloroethane Hexachlorocyclohexanes Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) 2,4-Hexadienal Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (infection with) Human papillomavirus types 26, 53, 66, 67, 70, 73, 82 Human papillomavirus types 30, 34, 69, 85, 97 Human papillomavirus types 5 and 8 (in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis) Hydrochlorothiazide 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone
I Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene Indium tin oxide Iron-dextran complex Isoeugenol Isophorone Isoprene
J JC polyomavirus (JCV)
K Kava extract
L Lasiocarpine Lead Leucomalachite green
M Magnetic fields (extremely low frequency) Malachite green MeA-α-C (2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole) Medroxyprogesterone acetate MeIQ (2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) MeIQx (2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline) Melamine Merphalan Methyl acrylate Methyl isobutyl ketone Methylarsonic acid 2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine) Methylazoxymethanol acetate 5-Methylchrysene 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline) 4,4'-Methylenedianiline Methyleugenol 2-Methylimidazole 4-Methylimidazole Methylmercury compounds N-Methylolacrylamide 2-Methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone (uncertain purity) N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethane Methylthiouracil α-Methylstyrene Metronidazole Michler's base (4,4'-methylene-bis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine) Michler's ketone (4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone) Microcystin-LR Mirex Mitomycin C Mitoxantrone Molybdenum trioxide 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) Monocrotaline 5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-oxazolidinone β-Myrcene
N Nafenopin Naphthalene Nickel, metallic and alloys Niridazole Nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts 5-Nitroacenaphthene 2-Nitroanisole para-Nitroanisole 3-Nitrobenzanthrone Nitrobenzene Nitrofen (technical-grade) 2-Nitrofluorene 1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-imidazolidinoneN-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide Nitrogen mustard N-oxide Nitromethane 2-Nitropropane 4-Nitropyrene N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine N-Nitrosodiethanolamine N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine 3-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)propionitrile N-Nitrosomethylethylamine N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine N-Nitrosomorpholine N-Nitrosopiperidine N-Nitrosopyrrolidine N-Nitrososarcosine
O Ochratoxin A Oil Orange SS Oxazepam
P Palygorskite (attapulgite) (long fibres, >5 μm) Panfuran S (containing dihydroxymethylfuratrizine) Parathion Pentosan polysulfate sodium Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) Phenazopyridine hydrochloride Phenobarbital Phenolphthalein Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride Phenyl glycidyl ether ortho-Phenylenediamine ortho-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride Phenytoin PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine) Polychlorophenols and their sodium salts (mixed exposures) Ponceau MX Ponceau 3R Potassium bromate Primidone Progestins Progestogen-only contraceptives β-Propiolactone Propylene oxide Propylthiouracil Pulegone Pyridine
Q Quinoline
R Radiofrequency electromagnetic fieldsPress release No 208, 31 May 2011, IARC classifies Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans Refractory ceramic fibres Riddelliine
S SafroleSchistosoma japonicum (infection with) Silicon carbide, fibrous Sodium ortho-phenylphenate Special-purpose fibres such as E-glass and '475' glass fibres Sterigmatocystin Streptozotocin Sulfasalazine Sulfallate
T 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachlorvinphos Tetrahydrofuran Tetranitromethane Thioacetamide 4,4'-Thiodianiline 2-Thiouracil Titanium dioxide Toluene diisocyanates Toxaphene (Polychlorinated camphenes) Triamterene Trichlormethine (Trimustine hydrochloride) Trichloroacetic acid 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) Trp-P-2 (3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) Tungsten weapons-grade (with nickel and cobalt) alloy Trypan blue
U Uracil mustard
V Vanadium pentoxide Vinyl acetate 4-Vinylcyclohexene 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide
Z Zalcitabine Zidovudine (AZT)
MixturesAloe vera, whole leaf extract Bitumens, occupational exposure to straight-run bitumens and their emissions during road paving Bitumens, occupational exposure to hard bitumens and their emissions during mastic asphalt work Carrageenan, degraded (Poligeenan) Chlorinated paraffins of average carbon chain length C12 and average degree of chlorination approximately 60% Diesel fuel, marine Engine exhaust, gasoline Fuel oils, residual (heavy)Fusarium moniliforme'', toxins derived from (fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, and fusarin C) Gasoline Goldenseal root powder Magenta dyes (CI Basic Red and fuchins) Pickled vegetables (traditional in Asia) Toxaphene (Polychlorinated camphenes) Welding fumes
Exposure circumstances Carpentry and joinery Cobalt metal without tungsten carbide Dry cleaning (occupational exposures in) Firefighter (occupational exposure as) Printing processes (occupational exposures in) Talc-based body powder (perineal use of) Textile manufacturing industry (work in)
Notes Evaluated as a group.
See also IARC group 1 IARC group 2A IARC group 3
References
External links
Description of the list of classifications , IARC List of Classifications (latest version)
List of Classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans, Volumes 1 to 124 (Last update: 8 July 2019)
ja:IARC発がん性リスク一覧