Pelham is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Surname British aristocratic Whig politicians: Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham (1653–1712), father of two British Prime Ministers: Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693–1768) Henry Pelham (1694–1754) American artistic family Peter Pelham (c. 1695 – 1751), artist Peter Pelham (composer) (1721–1805) Henry Pelham (engraver) (1748/49–1806) William Pelham (bookseller) (1759–1827) Other people (in alphabetical order) Charles Pelham (American politician) (1835–1908), U.S. Representative from Alabama Francis Pelham, 5th Earl of Chichester (1844–1905), British nobleman and amateur cricketer Frederick Thomas Pelham (1808–1861), Royal Navy officer and Second Naval Lord George F. Pelham (1867–1937), American architect Henry Francis Pelham (1846–1907), English scholar and historian John Pelham (bishop) (1811–1894), Bishop of Norwich in 1857–1893 John Pelham (soldier) (1838–1863), Confederate artillery officer during the American Civil War Moses Pelham (born 1971), German rapper and musician Peregrine Pelham (died 1650), British Member of Parliament Richard Pelham (1815–1876), American blackface performer Thomas Pelham (disambiguation), various people William Pelham (Medal of Honor) (1845/47–1933), American Union Navy sailor, recipient of Medal of Honor Fictional characters Herbert "Bertie" Pelham, Marquess of Hexham, a character on the television drama Downton Abbey and its film adaptation
First name Pelham Horton Box (1898–1937), British historian Pelham Humfrey (1647–1674), English Baroque composer Sir Pelham Warner ("Plum Warner", 1873–1963), English test cricketer P. G. von Donop (Pelham George von Donop, 1851–1921), English footballer, soldier and railway inspector, godfather to P. G. Wodehouse P. G. Wodehouse (Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, 1881–1975), English author, lyricist, playwright