This is a list of participants, associates and helpers of, and certain infiltrators (such as Heinz Pannwitz) into, the Red Orchestra () as it was known in Germany. Red Orchestra was the name given by the Abwehr to members of the German resistance to Nazism and anti-Nazi resistance movements in Allied or occupied countries during World War II. Many of the people on this list were arrested by the Abwehr or Gestapo. They were tried at the Nazi Imperial War Court before being executed either by hanging or guillotine, unless otherwise indicated. As the SS-Sonderkommando also took action against Soviet espionage networks within Switzerland, people who worked there are also included here.

Group organisational diagrams The following meticulously researched hierarchy diagrams were created by the Joint security service that consisted of the MI6 and the CIA between 1945 and 31 December 1949. In Germany, these were Soviet espionage organisations that grew out of the resistance groups.

Key If a person was associated with a group, then they are shaded. If they joined one group and left to join another, perhaps because the first group was disrupted, then the second group is detailed in notes and they are shaded based on the first group. If they worked for Soviet intelligence and built a group, then they are shaded as Soviet intelligence agents.

Country Colour Group Colour Group Colour Group Colour Group Germany Schulze-Boysen Group Harnack Group von Scheliha Group Uhrig Group Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group Germany military including Gestapo, Funkabwehr Belgium Trepper Group Gurevich Group Jeffremov Group September 1939-May 1942 Jeffremov Group May 1942-August 1942 Netherlands Winterink Group or Group Hilda France Group Andre Lyons Group Marseille Group Ozols Network Switzerland Rote Drei Group Sissy Group Long Group Pakbo Group Soviet Union Soviet intelligence officers

A

People of the Red Orchestra Name Life Employment Rote Kapelle or military position Group Arrested Fate Notes Robert Abshagen (1911–1944) Insurance employee, sailor and construction worker KPD member, Communist Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group 19 October 1942 in Hamburg Sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof on 2 May 1944. Beheaded in Hamburg on July 10, 1944 The group that Abshagen was part of was created by Anton Saefkow and eventually held resistance cells in large Hamburg companies. Alexander Abramson (1896–?) Lawyer and economist Rote Drei Codenames: Isaak and Sascha Vera Ackermann Militant communist Encrypted communications prior to transmission and handed the ciphered text to the Sokols, who were radio operators, for transmission to the Soviets Trepper Group Escaped being arrested () Maurice Aenis-Haenslin KPD member, liaison between Henry Robinson and Rachel Dübendorfer for the Rote Drei in Geneva Rote Drei Group Real person was never identified as name was identified through radio traffic. The name fitted two individuals but other facts didn't. (1897–1944) Managing director of the Arbeiter-Sport-Verlag KPD member. Courier, participated in the dissemination of the illegal paper, Die Innere Front (The Home Front). Uhrig Group 12 July 1944 and sentenced to death on the 19th Executed on 6 November 1944 in the Brandenburg-Görden penitentiary Leonid Abramovich Anulov (1897–1974) Soviet agent Organizer of the Rote Drei in Switzerland Recalled to the Soviet Union in 1938, received the Order of Lenin and released from office. He was then arrested under Soviet law § 436 and sentenced to 15 years at a work education detention camp. Rita Arnould (1914–1943) Housewife Courier Trepper Group Rue des Atrebates 101, Brussels on 13 December 1941 Death sentence in April 1943 Rita Arnould ( Bloch) became an informer after being captured by the SS in Brussels. She betrayed the Gurevich group in Brussels, forcing many of its members to flee to France and other minor characters to stay hidden. Arnould was, nonetheless, executed on 20 August 1943 at Plötzensee Prison.

B

People of the Red Orchestra Name Life Employment Rote Kapelle or military position Group Arrested Fate Notes Otto Bach Member of International Labour Office in Geneva Facilitated introductions Rote Drei Member of the German Chamber of Commerce in Paris. Worked with Heinz Pannwitz. Margarete Barcza (1912–1985) Mistress and later wife of Anatoly Gurevich. Robert Barth (1910–1945) Typesetter Communist and parachute agent Schulze-Boysen Group Arrested October 1942 Landed with Albert Hoessler Bernhard Bästlein (1894–1944) Precision mechanic KPD member, Communist. Built the Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group. Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group 30 May 1944 and sentenced to death on 5 September 18 September 1944 beheaded with a hatchet Linked to Harnack Group via Wilhelm Guddorf. Also linked to Schulze-Boysen and Uhrig people. (1909–2006) Writer Communist and KPD member Schulze-Boysen Group Survived the war Carl Baumann (1912–1996) Artist Schulze-Boysen Group Arrested in autumn 1942 and sent to the Eastern Front in 1943 Wounded in 1944 and captured by Soviet forces, but survived the war Baumann created a now famous painting called Rote Kapelle 1941 ref number Inv-Nr. 1967 LM, now located in the Stadtmuseum in Münster in which he portrays Harro Schulze-Boysen, Walter Küchenmeister and Kurt Schumacher as architects building a bridge away from Nazism. Anna Becker 11 August 1943 in the industrial yard of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp Mother of Friedrich Beuthke's wife, Charlotte. Killed as one of the seven members by what the Nazi's called Sippenhaft, where they were inclined to kill the whole family in revenge, when a Red Orchestra member was discovered. Shot without trial. Emil Becker 11 August 1943 in the industrial yard of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp Father of Friedrich Beuthke's wife, Charlotte. Killed as one of the seven members by what the Nazis called Sippenhaft, where they were inclined to kill the whole family in revenge, when a Red Orchestra member was discovered. Karl Behrens (1909–1943) Tool designer Communist Black Front member, then member KPD Harnack Group 16 September 1942. The 2nd senate of the Reichskriegsgericht announced on 18 January 1943, the death penalty Killed on 13 May 1943 in Plötzensee Prison Clare Behrens (1915–2011) Tailor Survived the war Wife of Karl Behrens Willy Berg Gestapo Kriminalinspector Sonderkommando Pannwitz. Monitored Trepper and Gurevitch. Worked for Heinz Pannwitz Helene Berger (1898–?) Austrian economist Supplied intelligence to Rachel Dübendorfer Rote Drei Hanna Berger (née Johanna Elisabeth Hochleitner-Köllchen) (1910–1962) Teacher, director, theatre director Enabling subversive communist gatherings in her home. KPD member Schulze-Boysen Group 1942, suspected of preparing to commit high treason and sentenced to two years in concentration camp, but was acquitted after several months on 21 August 1943 Survived the war Liane Berkowitz (1923–1943) Student Took part in pamphleteering against The Soviet Paradise Schulze-Boysen Group Arrested on 26 September 1942. The 2nd senate of the Reichskriegsgericht announced on 20 January 1943, the death penalty Executed on 20 January 1943 at Plötzensee Prison Sergei Bessonov(1892–1941) Foreign Intelligence Unit of the Soviet Embassy in Berlin Created the Harro Schulze-Boysen Group. Convinced Harnack to work for the Soviets. Murdered by the Soviet secret police in Stalin's Medvedev Forest massacre on 11 September 1941. Maurice Beublet(?–1943) Belgian lawyer Simexco legal advisor Gurevich Group 4 December 1942 in Brussels 28 July 1943 in Plötzensee Prison Leon Beurton (1914–1997) Soviet agent Chief cipher expert for Alexander Radó. Trained by Ursula Hamburger in WT procedures. Rote Drei Group Survived the war. Married to Ursula Kuczynski. Codenamed William Miller, John, Fenton. Anna Beuthke (1883–1943) Mother of the Beuthke family KPD, Communist. Member of the Little Moscow garden colony. Also called Garden Friends. Arrested 11 August 1943 in the industrial yard of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.Killed by what the Nazis called Sippenhaft, whereby they were inclined to kill the whole family in revenge whenever a Red Orchestra member was discovered. Shot without trial. Ernst Beuthke (1903–1943) No profession, warehouse man. Only son of the Beuthke family who held no profession. Communist KPD Anti-Fascist fighter in Spain, and Germany fighting the SA. Soviet parachutist. Member of the Little Moscow garden colony. Also called Garden Friends. Hid in Charlotte Hundt's home upon arrival. Arrested with his wife after returning from the USSR and exposing himself in the Little Moscow garden colony. 11 August 1943 in the industrial yard of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp Killed by what the Nazis called Sippenhaft, whereby they were inclined to kill the whole family in revenge whenever a Red Orchestra member was discovered. Shot without trial. Friedrich Beuthke (1906–1943) Welder. Youngest son of the Beuthke family. KPD member, Communist. Member of the Little Moscow garden colony. Executed on 11 August 1943 in the industrial yard of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.Killed by what the Nazis called Sippenhaft, whereby they were inclined to kill the whole family in revenge whenever a Red Orchestra member was discovered. Shot without trial. Richard Beuthke (1880–1943) Servant and turner. Father of the Beuthke family. KPD member, Communist. Member of the Little Moscow garden colony. Executed on 11 August 1943 in the industrial yard of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp Killed by what the Nazis called Sippenhaft, whereby they were inclined to kill the whole family in revenge whenever a Red Orchestra member was discovered. Shot without trial. Walter Beuthke (1904–1943) Precision mechanic. Second eldest son of the Beuthke family. KPD member, Communist. Member of the Little Moscow garden colony. Executed on 11 August 1943 in the industrial yard of the Sachsenhausen concentration campKilled by what the Nazis called Sippenhaft, whereby they were inclined to kill the whole family in revenge whenever a Red Orchestra member was discovered. Shot without trial. Charlotte Beuthke (1909–1943) Communist KPD member of the Little Moscow garden colony. Shot without trial. Executed on 11 August 1943 in the industrial yard of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Married to Walter Beuthke. Mario Bianchi (1909–?) Physician, ear, nose and throat specialist Kept a safehouse that hid a number of contacts. Later, hid Alexander and Helen Radó after Rote Drei was broken up. Rote Drei Survived the war Lotte Bischoff (née Charlotte Wielepp) (1901–1994) stenographer KPD, participated in the dissemination of the illegal paper, Die Innere Front. SED functionary Saefkov-Jacob-Bästlein Group Survived the war In contact with Wilhelm Knöchel, Robert Uhrig, and Kurt and Elisabeth Schumacher. Kurt Bietzke (1894–1943) Painter KPD co-founder. Procured illegal quarters, got passports, money and ration cards. Tucholla group, Red Mountain Climbers Sentenced to death by the People's Court (Germany) in July 1942 17 August 1943 in Plötzensee Prison. Herbert Bittcher (1908–1944) Foreman SPD. Later became a communist and joined the KPD Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group Arrested by Gestapo On 1 January 1944 sentenced to death for the "preparation for high treason". Executed in January 1944 in the Brandenburg-Görden Prison Joseph Blumsack Member of the foreign workers section of the Communist Party of Belgium Courier between Brussels and Paris Trepper Group Arrested 7 January 1943 and deported to Germany.