This is a list of Confederate monuments and memorials in Alabama that were established as public displays and symbols of the Confederate States of America (CSA), Confederate leaders, or Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War. Part of the commemoration of the American Civil War, these symbols include monuments and statues, flags, holidays and other observances, and the names of schools, roads, parks, bridges, counties, cities, lakes, dams, military bases, and other public works.
This list does not include items which are largely historic in nature such as historic markers or battlefield parks if they were not established to honor the Confederacy. Nor does it include figures connected with the origins of the Civil War or white supremacy, but not with the Confederacy.
Monuments and memorials
, there are at least 122 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Alabama.
The 2017 Alabama Memorial Preservation Act was passed to require local governments to obtain state permission before removing Confederate monuments and memorials.
State capitol Confederate Memorial Monument, also known as the "Monument to Confederate Soldiers and Sailors" (1898).Alabama Confederate Monument. , Conservation Solutions Inc., accessed April 24, 2010 On June 24, 2015, in the wake of the Charleston church shooting on June 17, 2015, on the order of Governor Robert J. Bentley, the four Confederate flags, and their poles, were removed. Jefferson Davis Presidential Star, marble portico (1897).Jefferson Davis Star-Montgomery, Alabama. Waymarking.com. Accessed August 16, 2017 "Placed by the Sophie Bibb Chapter Daughters of the Confederacy on the Spot where Jefferson Davis Stood when Inaugurated President of the C.S.A. Feb. 18, 1861" Jefferson Davis (1940), by UDCJefferson Davis – Montgomery, Alabama. Waymarking.com. Accessed August 16, 2017 John Allan Wyeth – M.D., L.L.D., marker. Fought in Confederate Army.
State symbols
Alabama Coat of Arms (1923) and the State Seal include the Confederate Battle Flag. Alabama State Flag (1895) The Alabama Department of Archives and History found in 1915 that the flag was meant to "preserve in permanent form some of the more distinctive features of the Confederate battle flag, particularly the St. Andrew's cross." According to historian John M. Coski, the adoption of Alabama's flag coincided with the rise of Jim Crow laws and segregation, as other former Confederate slave states, such as Mississippi and Florida, also adopted new state flags based on Confederate designs around the same time when those states instituted Jim Crow segregation laws themselves: The Governor's version of the State Flag includes St Andrew's Cross plus the State Coat of Arms with the Confederate Battle Flag inclusion and the military crest on the bottom.
State holidays Robert E. Lee Day, celebrated together with Martin Luther King Jr. Day on the third Monday in January Confederate Memorial Day, celebrated the fourth Monday in April Jefferson Davis Day, Celebrated the first Monday in June
Buildings Montgomery: First White House of the Confederacy
Monuments Courthouse monuments
Ashville: Confederate Soldiers of Ashville Monument, St. Clair County Courthouse (1923) by United Daughters of the Confederacy, (UDC) Ashville Chapter. Athens: Limestone County Confederate Soldiers Memorial, Limestone County Courthouse (1922) by United Confederate Veterans (UCV) and UDC.Davis, Michael. In Remembrance: Confederate Funerary Monuments in Alabama and Resistance to Reconciliation, 1884–1923. Master's thesis, Auburn University. Accessed August 15, 2017 Butler: Confederate Monument, Choctaw County Courthouse (1936) by UDC, Choctaw Ruffin Dragoon Chapter. Carrollton: Confederate War Memorial, Pickens County Courthouse (1927). Centre: Confederate Memorial, Cherokee County Courthouse (1988) by SCV, Emma Sansom Camp No. 27.Confederate Veterans Memorial – Centre, AL Waymarking.com. Accessed August 18, 2017 Centreville: Confederate Monument, Bibb County Courthouse (1910) by UDC, Leonard Calloway Pratt Chapter No. 1056. Clayton: Confederate Monument (1909); UDC monument at Barbour County Courthouse Square. Decatur: Confederate Monument, near Morgan County Courthouse (1922) by UDC, Joe Wheeler Chapter No. 291. Fayette: Confederate Monument, Fayette County Courthouse (1929) by UDC, Fayette Chapter.Where are Alabama's Confederate Monuments? Markers, many at courthouses, exist across Alabama. Accessed August 15, 2017. Florence: Confederate Monument, Lauderdale County Courthouse (1903) Ladies Memorial Association. Greensboro: Confederate Monument, Hale County Courthouse (1904) Ladies Memorial Association of Greensboro. Jasper: Confederate Monument, Walker County Courthouse (1907) Jasper County Chapter 925 by UDC.Shumate, Joyce Nunn. The Confederate monument in Jasper, Alabama on the national register of historic places. Accessed August 15, 2017 Livingston: Confederate Monument, Sumter County Courthouse (1908) by UDC, Sumter Chapter.Confederate Monument. Our Southern Home (May 6, 1908). Accessed August 16, 2017 Marion: UDC Monument at Marion Courthouse Square to Nicola Marschall, designer of the original Confederate flag and Confederate uniform. In Marion there is also a pre-Civil War monument to the faithful slave. Moulton: Confederate Monument, Lawrence County Courthouse (2006) by SCV, Lt. J. K. McBride Camp No. 241 and the Alabama Division.Lawrence County Confederate Veterans Memorial – Moulton, AL. Waymarking.com. Accessed August 18, 2017 Tuscumbia: Confederate Veterans Monument, Colbert County Courthouse (1911) by UDC, Tuscumbia Chapter.Colbert County Confederate Veterans Memorial – Tuscumbia, AL Waymarking.com Accessed August 16, 2017
Other public monuments
Anniston: Major John Pelham Monument, Quintard Avenue (1905) through the efforts of Clarence J. Owens, president of Anniston College for Young Ladies.Major John Pelham – Anniston, AL Waymarking.com. Accessed October 6, 2017 Removed in 2020. Athens: Limestone County Confederate Soldiers Memorial, Athens City Cemetery (1909) by UDC, Joseph E. Johnston Chapter Birmingham: Confederacy Rock, University of Alabama, (1914) by UDC Alabama Division, to commemorate University of Alabama students who served in the Confederate Army. The Board of Trustees of The University of Alabama ordered the Rock and its plaques removed on June 15, 2020. Blakeley: UDC monument (2010) at Historic Blakeley State Park dedicated to Confederate soldiers and sailors who served at Fort Blakeley Demopolis: Confederate Monument (1910). The statue was toppled on July 16, 2016 when a policeman accidentally crashed his patrol car into the monument; the statue fell from its pedestal and was heavily damaged. In 2017, the Demopolis city council voted 3–2 to move the damaged Confederate statue to a local museum and to install a new obelisk memorial that honors both the Union and the Confederate soldiers. Breastworks Confederate Memorial (1941) Confederate Square, as it was named in 1923 at the request of the UDC, remains the official name of the Demopolis Town Square. Eufaula: Confederate Monument (1905) by UDC, Barbour County Chapter Fort Mitchell: Inscription on the horse mounting stone of CSA General James Cantey, at Fort Mitchell National Cemetery Fort Payne: Confederate Monument (1913) by UDC and SCV of DeKalb County, AlabamaGraham, Kelsey (August 2, 2013). Fort Payne celebrates Confederate Monument. Times Free Press. Accessed August 15, 2017 Gadsden: Emma Sansom and Nathan Bedford Forrest Monument (1907) by UDC, Gadsden Chapter.Crownover, Danny (April 1, 2016) The Vagabond – 109 Years Ago Unveiling of the Emma Sansom Statue. Gadsden Messenger. Accessed August 15, 2017 Turkey Town Monument (1992) by SCV, Turkey Town Valley Camp #1512Crownover, Danny (June 27, 2014). The Vagabond: A decision in Gadsden. Gadsden Messenger. Accessed August 16, 2017 Greenville: Butler County Confederate Memorial, "Our Confederate Dead", at Confederate Park (1903) by UDC of Butler County, Alabama, Father Ryan ChapterHistoric Downtown Greenville, Alabama. Brochure. Greenville-alabama.com. Accessed August 16, 2017 Hamilton: Confederate Veterans Bicentennial Memorial (1977) Hayneville: Soldiers of Lowndes County Who Died in Service, Hayneville Town Square Headland: Henry County Confederate Memorial (1936) by UDC, Headland Chapter No. 1673Henry County Confederate Memorial. Hmdb.org Accessed August 16, 2017 Huntsville: Confederate Soldier Memorial, erected near the Madison County Courthouse (1905) by UDC. Moved to Maple Hill Cemetery in 2020. Jacksonville: Confederate Monument, Jacksonville Town Square (1909). Bears a quote from Jefferson Davis: "Let none of the survivors of these men offer in their behalf the penitential plea, 'They believed they were right.' Be it ours to transmit to posterity our unequivocal confidence in the righteousness of the cause for which these men died." Lowndesboro: Our Confederate Soldiers Monument (1929) by the Lowndesboro Chapter of UDC of Lowndes County, Alabama. Midway: Granite boulder marker at Hwy 82 & 51 erected to commemorate the Jefferson Davis Highway and Soldiers of the Confederacy Confederate Memorial Marker at corner of Hwy 82 and Main Street in honour of Midway Guards prior drill grounds erected by UDC (1960) Millbrook: Robinson Springs Camp Confederate Monument (1913) by UCV Camp No. 396, Elmore County, AlabamaNorth American Preservation of Monuments. Alabama. Napom.org. Accessed August 16, 2017 Mobile: Statue of Admiral Raphael Semmes, on Government Street near the Bankhead Tunnel (1900) by SCV, Raphael Semmes Camp 11Sons of Confederate Veterans: Raphael Semmes Camp 11. Statue of Admiral Semmes Overlooking Bankhead Tunnel in Downtown Mobile. Scvsemmes.org. Accessed August 16, 2017 Removed June 5, 2020. Confederate Fortification Monument (1940), Mobile National Cemetery Montgomery: State Capitol. See above. UDC monument (1942) on Dexter Avenue: "Along this street moved the inaugural parade of Jefferson Davis when he took the oath of office as President of the Confederate States of America February 18, 1861. Dixie was played as a band arrangement for the first time on this occasion." Robert E. Lee statue, Robert E. Lee High School (1908) Munford: A. J. Buttram Monument (1914) by UDC, John Tyler Morgan ChapterMiller, Rex, Croxton's Raid, p.82 Opelika: Confederate Monument (1911) by UDC, Robert E. Lee Chapter"Monument at Opelika, Ala." Confederate Veteran 19, no. 5 (May 1911): 250–51 Newton: Monument dedicated to the Confederate victory in the Battle of Newton Ohatchee: Calhoun County Confederate Memorial (2003) at Janney Furnace Park, "the world's largest black granite Confederate Memorial" Ozark: Dale County Confederate Soldiers Monument (1910) Stonewall Jackson Chapter by UDC No. 667 of Dale County, Alabama Prattville: Confederate Monument, City Hall Square (1908) by UDC"Committee Work of Confederation: Complete Record of Monuments and Memorials." Bulletin (Sons of Confederate Veterans) 1, no. 6 (June 1910): 180 UDC monument (1916) to Prattville Dragoons, on grounds of Prattville Primary School Rogersville: CSA Gen. Joseph Wheeler Monument, Joe Wheeler State Park (2006) by SCV, Freeman's Battery Forrest's Artillery Camp No. 1939Historical Marker Database. General Joseph Wheeler. Hmdb.com Accessed August 18, 2017
Selma: The Edmund Pettus Bridge (1940), on US Route 80, is named for Edmund Pettus, Confederate General and Alabama Grand Dragon of the KKK. This is the beginning of the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail (1996), commemorating the Selma to Montgomery civil rights marches of 1965. Defense of Selma Memorial (1907) by UDC