Martikainen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Janne Martikainen (1878–1934), Finnish politician Martta Martikainen-Ypyä (1904–1992), Finnish architect Olavi Martikainen (born 1941), Finnish farmer and politician Kari Martikainen (born 1968), Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman Jarkko Martikainen (born 1970), Finnish singer and songwriter Tommi Martikainen (born 1982), Finnish racing cyclist