Climate change affects various environments and industries in Iceland.
Greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse gas emissions in community amounted to 2,700,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. Heavy industry accounts for 40% of the greenhouse gas emissions of Iceland.
Impact The invasive species Lupinus nootkatensis has grown considerably in Iceland, partly as an instrument for converting barren landscapes to reforestation.
Response In 2024, the government of Iceland started construction on a wind farm.
In late 2025, Iceland's National Security Council elevated the potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to a national security risk. The government recognized severe climate impacts such as extreme European winters, food and energy insecurity, and economic disruption as major existential threats to the country.
Legislation
Climate Act
In 2012, the Icelandic Parliament passed legislation that would require the publication of climate mitigation plans, climate adaptation plans, and the establishment of a board to oversee the implementation of these plans.
Under the legislation, in 2024, the Environment Agency fined the Nomadic Aviation Group for not submitting emissions allowances in 2022.
References