Fumicollis is a genus of prehistoric flightless birds from the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) Niobrara Chalk of Kansas.
Description Diagnostic traits of Fumicollis include presacral vertebrae with expanded ventral processes, an elongate pelvis with reduced acetabulum (acetabulum width: pelvis length is approximately 0.096 meters), a femur with expanded lateral condyle (transverse extent of condyle over 75% of midshaft width) and moderately expanded trochanter. The genus name refers to the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk in which it was found.Bell A, Chiappe LM (2015) Identification of a New Hesperornithiform from the Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk and Implications for Ecologic Diversity among Early Diving Birds. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0141690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141690
Discovery The holotype of Fumicollis, USNM 20030, was found by Harold Shepherd and George Sternberg in 1937 in the Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Chalk of Logan County, Kansas. Martin and Tate (1937) referred this specimen to Baptornis, also from the Niobrara Chalk.Martin L, Tate J. The skeleton of Baptornis advenus (Aves: Hesperornithiformes). Smith Cont Pal. 1976; 27: 35–66. However, Bell (2013) noted a number of characters distinguishing USNM 20030 from Baptornis, and Bell and Chiappe (2015) recognized it as a distinct taxon of hesperornithiform, which they named Fumicollis hoffmani.
Relationships In 2015, a species-level phylogenetic analysis found the following relationships among hesperornitheans.
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