Cathaica fasciola is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae, which is similar to Cathaica pyrrhozona on shell morphology.

Taxonomy This species was described under the name Helix fasciola by French naturalist Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud in 1801.

Distribution This species is widely distributed in China.

It is also known from Pliocene of Xifeng Red Clay (4.5 Ma - 3.4 Ma) in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Other localities include Lower Pliocene Red Clay of Shueh-hwa-shan in Hebei Province; Pleistocene Red clay of Fenho, Shanxi Province; near Honanfu in Henan Province; near Tung-ho and in Tsing-ling-shan in Shaanxi Province; near Ta-ho in Gansu Province.

Draparnaud listed "France: La Rochelle" as the type locality."Species taxon summary. fasciola Draparnaud, 1801 described in Helix". AnimalBase, last change 2008-10-18, accessed 2018-11-11. This error could happen if Draparnaud did not know origin of imported shells.

Description The shell is thin, but solid. The color of the shell is white, rather opaque, with a broad chestnut-brown band at the periphery, and a faint brownish band below the suture. The shape of the shell is depressed above and below. The spire is low-conoid. The surface is shining, sculptured above with close rib-striae, becoming more delicate below. The shell has 5½ whorls. The earliest whorl is smooth, shining, forming a subacute apex. The following whorls are slightly convex, slowly increasing, separated by an impressed suture. The last whorl is much wider, rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front. The aperture is slightly oblique, lunate-oval. The peristome is white and thickened with a strong white lip. The umbilicus is rapidly narrowing to a narrow, deep perforation. The width of umbilicus is one-eighth the greatest diameter.

The width of the shell is 15 mm. The height of the shell is 8.5 mm.

Digestive system The radula and jaw was depicted by George Washington Tryon and Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1894.

Reproductive system The penis is slender, ending in a long retractor and the terminal vas deferens. The dart sac is large, opening into the atrium. There is a dense cluster of about ten club-shaped, glandular mucous glands near the atrium base. The spermatheca duct is long.

The diploid number of chromosomes (2n) is 60.Sun, T. (1995). "Chromosomal studies in three land snails". Sinozoologia, 12: 154-162. Seven chromosome pairs are metacentric, one pair is submetacentric and 22 pairs are telocentric.

Ecology Cathaica fasciola it is often locally abundant.County, S. P. (2002). 14 Bradybaena ravida (Benson)(Bradybaenidae) in Cereal-Cotton Rotations of Jingyang. Molluscs as Crop Pests, page 316. It was thought that Cathaica fasciola belongs to the cold-aridiphilous and meso-xerophilous groups of species in 2006. However it is considered as a typical species of eurytopic group as of 2018. It is one of main species found in Quaternary loess terrestrial gastropod assemblages in China.

Cathaica fasciola is polyphagous and it causes damage to vegetables, fruits, flowers and other economic agricultural crops. The food preference study of Cathaica fasciola was published in 2015.Minzhao, Z., Yanli, D., Xiaochun, Q., Guang, Y., Shuling, S., Jinzhong, W., & Zhiyong, Z. (2015). The feeding selection of Cathaica fasciola to 25 different plants. Plant Protection, 4, 020. abstract.

It hibernates in winter and it aestivates in summer. It produces an epiphragm during the dormancy.

Parasites of Cathaica fasciola include Dicrocoelium trematode.QUIWEN, T. C. T. Z. G., HONGCHANG, S. Z. Z. X. L., & CHIPING, C. M. Z. (1980). STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF DICROCOELIUM CHINENSIS TANG ET TANG, 1978 [J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 4, 008. abstract.

Predators of snails Cathaica fasciola include Rathouisia leonina (in laboratory conditions only).Wu M., Guo J.-Y., Wan F.-H., Qin Q.-L., Wu Q. & Wiktor A. (2006). "A preliminary study of the predatory terrestrial mollusk Rathouisia leonina". The Veliger 48: 61-74.

Cathaica fasciola is considered as a pest in agriculture. Most affected areas in China include: Beijing municipality, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province, Yunnan Province and Shanxi Province.

References This article incorporates public domain text from references

Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1894). Volume 9. Helicidae – Volume VII. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 205-206, plate 55, figures 6-7, plate 65, figures 7-8, plate 66, figure 32. Tryon G. W. (1887) Volume 3. Helicidae – Volume I. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. page 208, plate 47, figures 57-59. Tryon G. W. & Pilsbry H. A. (1892). Volume 8. Helicidae – Volume VI. – Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. pages 204-205, plate 47, figures 60-63.

External links

Zhang, M., Zong, Y., Wang, X., Cai, X., & Zhang, Z. (2009). Study on the death-feigning behavior of the harmful mollusk, Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud 1801). Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 42(11), 3914-3921. abstract, abstract in Chinese. Minzhao, Z., Yu, Z., Xueying, W., Xue, C., & Zhiyong, Z. (2009). The Study on the Body-Turning Behavior of Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud)[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 17, 199-202. abstract, abstract in Chinese.

Zhang, J.M., Yu, G.Y. & Zhou, W.C. (2011). The identification and control of Cathaica fasciola. Plant Protection 37: 208–209. . Zhang, G. & Wade, C.M. (2023) Molecular phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Chinese land snail Cathaica Möllendorff, 1884 (Eupulmonata: Camaenidae) in Shandong Province, China. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society