A regional election was held in the Balearic Islands on 28 May 2023 to elect the 11th Parliament of the autonomous community. All 59 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in eleven other autonomous communities and local elections all across Spain.

Overview Under the 2007 Statute of Autonomy, the Parliament of the Balearic Islands was the unicameral legislature of the homonymous autonomous community, having legislative power in devolved matters, as well as the ability to grant or withdraw confidence from a regional president.. The electoral and procedural rules were supplemented by national law provisions..

Date The term of the Parliament of the Balearic Islands expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than 25 days before the scheduled expiration date of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Balearic Islands (BOIB), with election day taking place 54 days after the decree's publication.; ( by ). The previous election was held on 26 May 2019, which meant that the chamber's term would have expired on 26 May 2023. The election decree was required to be published in the BOIB no later than 2 May 2023, setting the latest possible date for election day on 25 June 2023.

The regional president had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of the Balearic Islands at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year after a previous one under this procedure.; . In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a 60-day period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called..

The Parliament of the Balearic Islands was officially dissolved on 4 April 2023 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the BOIB, setting election day for 28 May..

Electoral system Voting for the Parliament was based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Balearic Islands and with full political rights, provided that they had not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.; ( by ). Amendments in 2022 abolished the "begged" voting system (), under which non-resident citizens were required to apply for voting. The begged vote system was attributed responsibility for a major decrease in the turnout of Spaniards abroad during the years it was in force.

The Parliament of the Balearic Islands had 59 seats. All were elected in four multi-member constituencies—corresponding to the islands of Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera, each of which was assigned a fixed number of seats—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a five percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency.; . The use of this electoral method resulted in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution.

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats:; .

Seats Constituencies 33 Mallorca 13 Menorca 12 Ibiza 1 Formentera

The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term were filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes. ( by ).

Outgoing parliament The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution.

+ Parliamentary composition in April 2023 Groups Parties Legislators Seats Total Socialist Parliamentary Group PSIB–PSOE 19 19 People's Parliamentary Group PP 16 16 United We Can Parliamentary Group Podemos 5 6 EM–EU 1 Citizens Parliamentary Group CS 4 4 More for Mallorca Parliamentary Group Més 4 4 Vox–ACTUA Balearics Parliamentary Group Vox 3 3 El Pi–Proposal for the Isles Parliamentary Group El Pi 3 3 Mixed Parliamentary Group MxMe 2 3 PSIB–PSOE 1 Non-Inscrits INDEP 1 1

Parties and candidates The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. ( by ). Additionally, a balanced composition of men and women was required in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition..

Below is a list of the main parties and alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties andalliances Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Vote % Seats PSIB–PSOE Francina Armengol Social democracy 27.4% PP Marga Prohens ConservatismChristian democracy 22.2% CS Patricia Guasp Liberalism 9.9% EUIB–Podemos Antònia Jover Left-wing populismDirect democracyDemocratic socialism 9.7% Més Lluís Apesteguia Left-wing nationalismDemocratic socialismGreen politics 9.2% Vox Jorge Campos Right-wing populismUltranationalismNational conservatism 8.1% El Pi Josep Melià RegionalismLiberalism 7.3% MxMe Josep Castells Left-wing nationalismDemocratic socialismGreen politics 1.4% GxF Silvia Tur EnvironmentalismDemocratic socialism 0.5% Sa Unió Llorenç Córdoba Conservatism 0.3%

Campaign Debates + 2023 Balearic regional election debates Date Organizer(s) Moderator(s) PSIB PP UP CS Més Vox El Pi MxMe GxF Audience 2 May Diario de MallorcaFibwi TV Marisa Goñi NI NI — 14 May IB3 Xavi GarciaNeus Albis 5.2% 15 May Última HoraCESAG Nekane Domblás NI NI — 16 May Espai MallorcaPasses Perdudes Pau Torres S S S NI S NI S S — 26 May Cadena SEREl País Juan Antonio Bauzá NI NI NI —

Opinion polls The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Graphical summary

Voting intention estimates The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 30 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of the Balearic Islands.

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample size Turnout Lead 2023 regional election 28 May 2023 55.1 26.5 35.8 1.4 4.4 8.4 13.9 3.8 1.4 0.4 0.4 9.3 IBES/IB3 22–27 May 2023 1,900? 25.3 31.1 2.3 7.8 10.0 14.3 3.7 1.2 0.4 – 5.8 NC Report/La Razón 22 May 2023?? 22.5 34.2 – 8.5 10.1 11.7 5.9 0.4 – 11.7 KeyData/Público 19 May 2023? 55.5 24.0 30.3 2.3 7.9 9.5 12.9 6.5 1.6 0.7 – 6.3 Data10/Okdiario 16–18 May 2023 1,500? 23.8 30.9 – 7.6 9.0 13.8 6.0 1.9 0.4 – 7.1 IBES/Última Hora 12–18 May 2023 2,300? 25.2 30.7 2.7 7.6 9.3 14.4 4.1 1.6 0.4 – 5.5 EM-Analytics/El Plural 11–17 May 2023 600? 23.7 30.6 2.0 8.5 10.3 13.3 6.1 1.5 0.5 – 6.9 Gadeso/Diario de Mallorca 30 Apr–15 May 2023 2,000? 25.4 27.9 2.3 8.5 9.6 13.4 5.2 1.5 – – 2.5 EM-Analytics/El Plural 4–10 May 2023 600? 23.6 30.7 2.1 8.5 10.2 13.3 6.1 1.5 0.5 – 7.1 EM-Analytics/El Plural 26 Apr–3 May 2023 600? 23.7 30.4 2.4 8.6 10.2 13.3 6.3 1.5 0.5 – 6.7 CIS 10–26 Apr 2023 418? 31.5 26.1 2.3 7.4 10.8 13.6 2.8 1.7 – – 5.4 EM-Analytics/El Plural 19–25 Apr 2023 600? 23.6 30.6 2.6 8.5 10.2 13.4 6.1 1.5 0.5 – 7.0 EM-Analytics/El Plural 12–18 Apr 2023 600? 23.4 30.9 2.5 8.5 10.1 13.3 6.3 1.5 0.6 – 7.5 Simple Lógica/elDiario.es 5–18 Apr 2023 560? 28.6 23.6 3.9 8.7 11.9 12.4 5.7 1.3 0.5 – 5.0 NC Report/Mallorca Diario 11–17 Apr 2023 1,375? 22.7 33.8 2.7 8.1 8.4 11.2 7.4 1.3 0.4 – 11.1 Data10/Okdiario 12–15 Apr 2023 1,500? 23.8 30.9 – 7.6 9.0 13.8 6.0 1.9 0.4 – 7.1 EM-Analytics/El Plural 5–11 Apr 2023 600? 23.9 30.5 2.4 8.5 10.1 12.9 6.5 1.6 0.6 – 6.6 EM-Analytics/El Plural 27 Mar–4 Apr 2023 600? 22.5 30.0 2.4 8.5 10.2 12.9 6.8 2.2 1.2 – 7.5 KeyData/Público 3 Apr 2023? 58.0 22.8 31.1 2.9 8.4 9.7 12.4 6.2 1.4 0.4 – 8.3 NC Report/La Razón 10–17 Mar 2023? 51.3 22.4 33.3 – 8.8 10.2 10.7 7.2 0.4 – 10.9 Data10/Okdiario 13–14 Feb 2023 1,500? 23.3 30.7 3.1 8.0 8.9 14.1 5.2 1.9 0.4 – 7.4 IBES/Última Hora 5–15 Jan 2023 1,300? 23.6 31.3 3.6 8.2 8.0 13.2 4.8 2.0 0.4 – 7.7 Sigma Dos/El Mundo 16–22 Dec 2022 735? 21.7 28.6 3.3 7.9 11.1 11.5 6.9 2.0 0.4 – 6.9 CIS 17 Nov–2 Dec 2022 234? 37.6 25.5 3.1 10.1 5.1 5.0 3.0 1.2 – – 12.1 Data10/Okdiario 2–4 Nov 2022 1,000? 23.2 29.7 2.8 8.1 9.7 14.5 5.9 1.7 0.4 – 6.5 IBES/Última Hora 26–30 Sep 2022 1,300? 21.4 29.8 3.8 10.2 8.9 15.4 5.7 1.7 0.5 – 8.4 IBES/Última Hora 1–10 Mar 2022 1,000? 20.8 26.1 7.2 12.5 9.2 14.6 5.3 1.8? – 5.3 Data10/Okdiario 22–23 Sep 2021 1,000? 25.7 28.3 3.2 8.3 9.5 12.5 6.4 1.5 0.4 – 2.6 IBES/Última Hora 8–12 Jun 2021 1,000? 24.5 26.9 6.8 10.1 8.9 9.9 6.9 1.4? – 2.4 IBES/Última Hora 8–12 Jun 2020 1,000? 28.7 24.2 7.0 9.0 8.2 10.4 5.8 1.3? – 4.5 ElectoPanel/Electomanía 1 Apr–15 May 2020?? 26.8 25.3 5.9 9.7 10.4 8.2 7.4 1.3 0.6 – 1.5 November 2019 general election 10 Nov 2019 56.8 25.4 22.8 7.4 18.1 4.0 17.1 – – – 2.6 2019 regional election 26 May 2019 53.9 27.4 22.2 9.9 9.7 9.2 8.1 7.3 1.4 0.5 0.3 5.2

Voting preferences The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample size Lead 2023 regional election 28 May 2023 14.9 20.2 0.8 2.5 4.7 7.8 2.1 0.8 0.2 42.6 5.3 CIS 10–26 Apr 2023 418 23.4 18.8 1.3 4.5 7.5 8.8 0.5 1.3 – 26.3 4.1 4.6 CIS 17 Nov–2 Dec 2022 234 23.0 15.3 1.5 6.8 3.1 2.8 2.3 0.9 – 32.2 5.9 7.7 SocioMétrica 13–18 May 2021 1,100 11.4 15.4 – – – 10.1 – – – – – 4.0 November 2019 general election 10 Nov 2019 14.8 13.3 4.3 10.5 2.3 9.9 – – 41.3 1.5 2019 regional election 26 May 2019 15.1 12.3 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.5 4.1 0.8 0.3 46.1 2.8

Preferred President The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become president of the Balearic Islands.

Polling firm/Commissioner Fieldwork date Sample size Other/None/Notcare Lead IBES/Última Hora 8–12 Jun 2021 1,000 27.1 – 26.9 9.6 8.6 11.2 8.7 7.9 13.0 0.2 SocioMétrica 13–18 May 2021 1,100 15.5 14.9 – – – – – – 69.6 0.6

Results Overall