This paleomammalogy list records new fossil mammal taxa that were described during the year 2019, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.
Afrotherians Afrosoricida NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImagesDamarachlorisGen. et sp. novValidPickfordMiddle EoceneBlack Crow LimestoneA chrysochlorid golden mole. The type species is D. primaevus. NanogaleGen. et sp. novValidPickfordMiddle EoceneBlack Crow LimestoneA Tenrecomorph. The type species is N. fragilis.
Proboscidea NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImagesBlancotheriumGen. et comb. novValidMayEarly ClarendonianGoliad Formation()A gomphothere.The type species is "Gnathabelodon" buckneri Sellards (1940)Mammut pacificusSp. novValidDooley et al.Pleistocene (Rancholabrean)()A mastodonSaloumiaGen. et sp. novValidTabuce et al.Eocene (Lutetian) An early proboscid. The type species is S. gorodiskii.
Proboscidean research A study on the relationship between brain size and body mass in the evolutionary history of the proboscideans is published by Benoit et al. (2019). New proboscidean remains from the late Miocene (Turolian) of Samos Island (Greece), representing juvenile individuals of deinotheres, choerolophodonts and amebelodonts, are described by Konidaris & Koufos (2019). Revision of proboscidean fossils from the Pliocene site of Kanapoi (Kenya) is published online by Sanders (2019). A study comparing the diversity of elephantimorph proboscideans of northern and southern China during the late Miocene is published by Wang et al. (2019). A study on the intestinal contents of two late-glacial mastodons preserved in lake sediments in Ohio and Michigan (Burning Tree mastodon and Heisler mastodon), and on their implications for inferring diet and habitats of these specimens, is published by Birks et al. (2019). A study on the diet of end-Pleistocene mastodons and mammoths from North America is published online by Cammidge, Kooyman & Theodor (2019). New fossil material of Choerolophodon from the early and middle Miocene of China is reported by Li et al. (2019). A study on the diet of the American gomphotheres, as indicated by stable isotope data from tooth enamel and dentine from tusks, is published online by Pérez-Crespo et al. (2019). Mothé, Ferretti & Avilla (2019) support the validity of Notiomastodon as a genus separate from Stegomastodon, arguing that members of the genus Stegomastodon were absent from South America. Description of teeth of a member of the genus Anancus from the Miocene (Turolian) locality Chomateri (Greece), constituting the first late Miocene record of this genus in Greece, and a revision of the late Miocene anancines from Europe, is published by Konidaris & Roussiakis (2019). A skull of a derived member of the genus Tetralophodon of uncertain specific assignment is described from the late Miocene of the Ouarzazate Basin (Morocco) by Geraads, Zouhri & Markov (2019). A study on the evolution of the genus Palaeoloxodon, as indicated by data on skull morphology, is published online by Larramendi et al. (2019). A study on fossil molars of Elephas jolensis from the Pleistocene Kibish Formation (Kenya) and on the timing and causes of extinction of members of the genus Elephas in Africa is published online by Manthi et al. (2019). A mammoth skeleton, probably belonging to a member of the species Mammuthus rumanus, is described from the Erq el Ahmar Elephant Site (Central Jordan Valley part of the Dead Sea Transform, Israel) by Rabinovich et al. (2019), representing the first known skeleton of a member of this species from the southern Levant. A study on the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of tusk dentine from woolly mammoth and from extant African elephant, and on its implications for inferring the utility of mammoth ivory as a raw material for Late Pleistocene osseous projectile points, is published by Pfeifer et al. (2019). Stable carbon and nitrogen data of woolly mammoth fossils from north-eastern Siberia ranging throughout the last ~50,000 years of the existence of this species is presented by Kuitems et al. (2019). A study on the age and origin of the Berelyokh mammoth site in northeast Siberia published by Lozhkin & Anderson (2018) is criticized by Pitulko et al. (2019). Nucleus-like structures are extracted from Yuka mammoth specimen by Yamagata et al. (2019), who visualise their dynamics after transfer into living mouse oocytes. A study on the isotopic compositions of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in collagen in the population of woolly mammoths from the Wrangel Island (Russia), aiming to determine the ecology of the Wrangel Island mammoth population and most likely cause of its extinction, is published by Arppe et al. (2019). A study on the cause of the extinction of the Columbian mammoth, using mathematical modelling to test the overkill hypothesis, is published by Klapman & Capaldi (2019). A study on the diet of coexisting early Late Pleistocene Asian elephants and members of the species Stegodon orientalis, as indicated by data from stable isotope analyses of enamel of teeth from the Quzai Cave (southern China), is published by Ma et al. (2019). A review of Pleistocene proboscideans from the Eastern Mediterranean islands is published by Athanassiou, van der Geer & Lyras (2019).
Sirenia NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImagesCulebratheriumGen. et sp. novValidVelez-Juarbe & WoodEarly MioceneCulebra FormationA dugongine dugong. The type species is C. alemani. NorosirenGen. et sp. novValidSamonds et al.MioceneMahajanga BasinA dugongid dugong. The type species is N. zazavavindrano.StegosirenGen. et sp. novValidDomning & BeattyOligoceneAshley FormationChandler Bridge Formation()A dugongid dugong. The type species is S. macei.
Sirenian research Description of the hindlimb bones of Sobrarbesiren cardieli is published online by Díaz-Berenguer et al. (2019). Dugongid fossils are described from the Oligocene (Rupelian) Borysthenic Formation (Ukraine) by Gol'din, Kovalchuk & Krakhmalnaya (2019), representing the first known sirenian record from inner seas of the Old World (Paratethys). Three dugongid specimens preserving the first sirenian endocranial casts from the West Indies reported so far are described from the upper Oligocene–lower Miocene Colón Formation (Cuba) by Orihuela, López & Macrini (2019).
Other afrotherians NameNoveltyStatusAuthorsAgeType localityCountryNotesImagesEteketoniGen. et sp. novValidPickfordEarly MioceneAn orycteropodid relative of the aardvark. The type species is E. platycephalus.
Euarchontoglires Lagomorpha
Lagomorph research A study on the phylogenetic relationships of rodents and lagomorphs, based on data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Asher et al. (2019).
Primates
Rodentia
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Country Notes Images Altasciurus leonardi Sp. nov Valid Korth et al. Oligocene Brule () A member of the family Aplodontiidae belonging to the subfamily Prosciurinae Aplodontia minor Sp. nov Valid Hopkins Late Hemphillian () A relative of the mountain beaver Borsodia prechinensis Sp. nov Valid Zheng, Zhang & Cui Late Pliocene−Early Pleistocene Nihewan A member of Arvicolinae Capromys pilorides lewisi Subsp. nov Valid Morgan et al. Late Pleistocene-Holocene A subspecies of Desmarest's hutia Cardiatherium calingastaense Sp. nov Valid Cerdeño et al. Late Miocene Las Flores A relative of the capybara. Announced in 2018; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2019. "Cricetodon" venczeli Sp. nov Valid Hír, Codrea & Prieto Miocene A large hamster. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020. Cupressimus perissos Sp. nov Valid Storer Eocene (Chadronian) Cypress Hills Formation () A member of the family Eomyidae Deperetomys calefactus Sp. nov Valid Marković et al. Late Oligocene A member of Cricetodontinae Deperetomys saltensis Sp. nov Valid Marković et al. Late Oligocene A member of Cricetodontinae Ecclesimus mcdougalli Sp. nov Valid Storer Eocene (Chadronian) Cypress Hills Formation () A member of the family Florentiamyidae Eumys lammersi Sp. nov Valid Korth et al. Oligocene Brule () A member of the family Cricetidae Geocapromys caymanensis Sp. nov Valid Morgan et al. Late Pleistocene-Holocene A species of Geocapromys Gobiocylindrodon Gen. et sp. nov In press Li et al. Eocene Erlian A member of the family Cylindrodontidae. Genus includes new species G. ulausuensis. Heliscomys borealis Sp. nov Valid Korth et al. Oligocene Brule () A member of the family Heliscomyidae Heterocricetodon serbicus Sp. nov Valid Marković et al. Oligocene A member of the family Muridae belonging to the subfamily Pseudocricetodontinae Japaneomys Gen. et sp. nov Valid Kimura et al. Early Miocene Nakamura A member of the family Eomyidae. The type species is J. yasunoi. Liodontia bathypotamos Sp. nov Valid Hopkins Late Hemingfordian () A member of the family Aplodontiidae Liodontia dailyi Sp. nov Valid Hopkins Late Hemingfordian () A member of the family Aplodontiidae Maquiamys Gen. et comb. nov Valid Boivin in Boivin, Marivaux & Antoine Late Oligocene Chambira A member of the superfamily Chinchilloidea. The type species is "Scleromys" praecursor Boivin Metanoiamys woodi Sp. nov Valid Korth Oligocene (Orellan) Sage Creek () A member of the family Eomyidae Mimomys nihewanensis Sp. nov Valid Zheng, Zhang & Cui Late Pliocene Nihewan A member of Arvicolinae Monamys Gen. et comb. nov Valid Sallam & Seiffert Oligocene (Rupelian) Jebel Qatrani A member of Phiomorpha. The type species is "Paraphiomys" simonsi Wood (1968). Montanamus taranae Sp. nov Valid Storer Eocene (Chadronian) Cypress Hills Formation () A member of the family Eomyidae. Natrona Gen. et sp. nov Valid Dawson Uintan and Duchesnean Wagon Bed () A member of the family Sciuravidae. The type species is N. natronensis. Paradjidaumo obritschorum Sp. nov Valid Korth, Boyd & Person Oligocene (Whitneyan) Brule () A member of the family Eomyidae Paraethomys balearicus Sp. nov Valid Torres Roig et al. Pliocene (Zanclean) A member of the family Muridae belonging to the subfamily Murinae Petaurista tetyukhensis Sp. nov In press Tiunov & Gimranov Late Pleistocene A species of Petaurista. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it is scheduled to be published in 2020. Pitymys simplicidens Sp. nov Valid Zheng, Zhang & Cui Early Pleistocene Nihewan A species of Pitymys Pliosiphneus daodiensis Sp. nov Valid Zheng, Zhang & Cui Late Pliocene Nihewan A zokor Pliosiphneus puluensis Sp. nov Valid Zheng, Zhang & Cui Late Pliocene Nihewan A zokor Proclinodontomys Gen. et sp. et comb. nov Valid Candela et al. Early-Middle Pleistocene and early Holocene