Eleanor Poppy Miranda de Freitas (26 June 1990 – 4 April 2014) was an English woman who died by suicide three days before the commencement of her trial for perverting the course of justice for allegedly making a false accusation of rape. Her death prompted a debate over whether prosecuting people accused of making a false accusation of rape could deter rape victims from reporting the crime, as well as whether it was appropriate to prosecute vulnerable individuals (de Freitas had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and depression, and was judged by a psychiatrist to represent a suicide risk).
The decision to prosecute de Freitas was ultimately upheld by both the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Attorney General for England and Wales, while the Metropolitan Police Service paid compensation to the accused man. From a legal perspective, the case was notable due to the use of a private prosecution (relatively uncommon under English law) and, subsequently, the first successful employment of a public interest defence to a charge of defamation.
Timeline of events Background Eleanor Poppy Miranda de Freitas was born on 26 June 1990 and grew up in Fulham, London. She attended the private Putney High School, achieving straight As in her A Level exams. In September 2008 she enrolled in Grey College, Durham University to study geography. During her first year, she suffered a mental breakdown. She was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and depression and began seeing a psychiatrist, who prescribed her antidepressants. At the end of the 2008/09 academic year, de Freitas dropped out of Durham University. In August 2009, she was referred to a consultant psychiatrist, whom she attended until her death. De Freitas' psychiatrist initially diagnosed her with recurrent depressive disorder, which in October 2010 was amended to a diagnosis of bipolar disorder; her condition was treated using medications including diazepam, escitalopram, lamotrigine, and quetiapine.
In February 2012, de Freitas had another mental breakdown, exhibiting "manic, depressive and disinhibited" behaviour. She accused her parents of trying to poison her and her landlord of sexually assaulting her; went on unaffordable shopping sprees; and became delusional. She was involuntarily committed under the Mental Health Act 1983 and spent a month in Ealing Hospital, where she was reportedly mentally and physically abused. After successfully challenging her detention at a Mental Health Review Tribunal and being released, de Freitas began living alone with support from her parents and working part-time in a branch of The Body Shop on King's Road in Chelsea. Unbeknown to her parents, she reportedly also worked as a tantric masseuse and escort. In summer 2013, she began training as an accountant.
Rape allegation In 2008 or 2009, de Freitas met Alexander Economou, the sometime company secretary of his family-run shipping agency. They became acquaintances after attending the same party in Chelsea in October 2012. They met on 23 December 2012 and spent that evening and the night together at Mr Economou's flat, where they had sex. During the daytime on 24 December, they went shopping together to an Ann Summers sex shop. After they parted company Economou performed Internet searches, and as a result of what he found, told de Freitas via a telephone call not to contact him. When Economou ended the relationship, de Freitas was upset and made this known to others, including sending a text to one friend saying Economou had "fucked her and chucked her" and to another saying "I don't understand what I have done wrong???".
On 31 December 2012, de Freitas stated to her psychiatrist that she had been sexually assaulted on 24 December. On the same day, de Freitas attended a GUM clinic. On 4 January 2013, de Freitas alleged to the Metropolitan Police Service that Economou had raped her between the 23 and 24 December. In an interview with police officers, she asserted that she "wasn't in control of my body"; that Economou had "drugged" her; that she had been "frozen with fear"; and that Economou had coerced her into allowing him to tie her up, "waterboard" her, and have unprotected sex with her. Economou was arrested and spent a night in custody. On 20 February 2013, the Metropolitan Police Service decided to take no further action against Economou; he was never charged. Factors reportedly underpinning the decision included a lack of forensic evidence; text messages and CCTV footage apparently showing friendly behaviour between de Freitas and Economou following the alleged offence; Economou's lack of a criminal record; and de Freitas having previously been cautioned for theft. Economou asserted that the sex had been consensual; that he had ended the relationship on 24 December 2012 after conducting Internet searches suggesting de Freitas was working as a tantric masseuse and after receiving "crazy" text messages from de Freitas; and that de Freitas had fabricated the rape claim "as an act of revenge, because I rejected her".
Prosecution In August 2013, Economou launched a private prosecution of de Freitas for perverting the course of justice at a cost of approximately £200,000 (). Economou amassed witness statements, text messages and closed-circuit television footage that the Director of Public Prosecutions said contradicted the account of de Freitas, including footage of de Freitas and himself shopping together for sex toys at an Ann Summers shop on the day following the alleged rape and text messages de Freitas had sent to mutual friends. Upon receiving the summons on 13 August 2013, de Freitas reportedly had a panic attack. She engaged a defence solicitor who invited Keir Starmer, the Director of Public Prosecutions of the Crown Prosecution Service, to use his statutory power to take over the private prosecution and end it. On 5 December 2013, the Crown Prosecution Service stated that they had reviewed the case papers from both sides, and were satisfied that the evidential stage and public interest stage of the Full Code Test were met, and therefore decided to continue with the prosecution themselves. De Freitas subsequently enquired whether there was scope to seek an injunction against reporting on the prosecution. The Metropolitan Police Service officers who had investigated the alleged rape refused to support the Crown Prosecution Service but were overruled; the detectives who had investigated the rape allegation were subjected to a "lengthy" misconduct investigation. De Freitas was arraigned at Southwark Crown Court on 24 January 2014, pleading not guilty. A trial date was set for 7 April 2014.
Rape counselling services were withdrawn from de Freitas upon the commencement of the prosecution (in March 2015, Member of Parliament Valerie Vaz asked Solicitor General for England and Wales Robert Buckland to "review the guidance to ensure that the provision of support and counselling services to vulnerable people is not removed abruptly"). De Freitas became "severely" depressed and her behaviour became erratic, including claiming she was being followed and that her phone was being tapped and wearing a burqa when going out in public. In September 2013, she was found in a branch of Co-op Food on Strand throwing crisp packets and shouting at staff. In December 2013, de Freitas attempted to drive from London to Northamptonshire to spend Christmas with her family but, after taking a wrong turn on the A1 road, continued driving until running out of petrol; her father characterised this as disorientation stemming from trauma. A psychiatric report prepared for the Crown Prosecution Service stated that de Freitas was fit to stand trial but required constant evaluation as she posed a "chronic and significant" suicide risk. Her doctor did not prescribe lithium for her bipolar disorder as de Freitas suffered from a fear of needles. In March 2014, de Freitas' psychiatrist recorded that she was demonstrating "mild depressive symptoms". Her suicidal ideation prior to her death had been scored at zero.
Suicide On the afternoon of 4 April 2014, de Freitas died by hanging herself at her family home in Fulham, London. Her trial for perverting the course of justice had been due to commence on 7 April. She left a suicide note in which she stated, "If I were to lose the case I know that I would have brought huge shame on the family. It's entirely my fault for what has happened and there are many other events which make me make this decision." She also expressed fears about potentially having to testify in court in her defence and stated she was "ashamed to be British". De Freitas had previously expressed fears about being involuntarily committed once again.
At an inquest held by the West London Coroner's Court in March 2015, coroner Chinyere Inyama recorded a verdict of suicide by hanging and noted that the impending trial had been a "significant stressor" on de Freitas. A call by solicitor Harriet Wistrich on behalf of de Freitas' family to widen the scope of the inquest to assess whether the Crown Prosecution Service had breached the right to life enshrined in the Human Rights Act 1998 by prosecuting de Freitas was unsuccessful. The call for a special inquest was supported by Emily Thornberry, the then-Shadow Attorney General for England and Wales.
Reaction Following de Freitas' suicide, her father David criticised the decision to prosecute her, stating, "We can see no reason whatsoever why the CPS pursued Eleanor. If the CPS had put a stop to it at the time I would still have a daughter." David de Freitas suggested that de Freitas had feared once again being involuntarily committed and was embarrassed that "extraneous evidence" would emerge during the trial alleging work in the sex industry. De Freitas had been concerned about having to testify in her defence in court; delays by the Crown Prosecution Service in providing a record of her interview with police to her defence solicitor meant they were unable to confirm that she would not be required to testify until the morning of her death (a court order requiring the Crown Prosecution Service to disclose all evidence at least six weeks prior to the trial was not complied with). The Crown Prosecution Service later apologised for the delay in the disclosure of the evidence, whilst still blaming the police for the delay.