The Jauch family is a German Hanseatic family that can be traced back to the Late Middle Ages. In the late 17th century, they settled in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, where they engaged in long-distance trade. Members of the family became hereditary grand burghers of Hamburg and acquired the Lordship of Wellingsbüttel, today a part of the city's Wellingsbüttel district.
The Jauch family has produced a number of notable descendants, both through the male and female lines.
Overview
Pre-Hanseatic time The Jauch family originates from Thuringia, where the earliest known family member, the widow Lena Joherrin, is recorded in 1495 in what is now Bad Sulza.
Johann Christian Jauch the Elder (1638–1718) left Sulza and entered the service of the Güstrow branch of the Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg. Two of his sons subsequently entered the service of the Electors of Saxony, who were also Kings of Poland –Franz Georg Jauch (b. 1681), a lieutenant colonel in the Royal Guards and Joachim Daniel Jauch (1688–1754), a major general. Both branches were erroneously regarded as aristocratic. They became extinct in the 18th century.
The members of the family who had served the Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg left the ducal residence of Güstrow in 1696 and moved to Lüneburg, which at that time held a status equivalent to that of a Free Imperial City. In 1701 they acquired Lüneburg citizenship (). Although the family in Lüneburg produced clerics and jurists–including a canon, a lay canon, a dean and a Hanover council senator–it was not limited to the urban educated middle class (). Other members engaged in commerce, being recorded 1699 as members of the „Uraltes löbliches Kramer-Amt“, the traditional merchants' guild of Hamburg – and later developed into internationally active merchants.
Hanseatics
Grand Burghers of Hamburg
In the mid-18th century, Carl Daniel Jauch (1714–1794) relocated the family’s trading firm from the declining town of Lüneburg to Hamburg, the so-called “Queen of the Cities.” the ″Queen of the cities″. Since the 17th century Hamburg played a unique role in Germany's economic history, emerging from the devastations of the Thirty Years’ War as the wealthiest and most populous of all German cities.Hamburg 1650: 60,000 inhabitants, Berlin 1648: 6,000, Cologne 1714 (see German page): 42,015 and Munich 1700: 24,000 inhabitants , thanks in part to its strong .
At that time, Hamburg was a strictly bourgeois mercantile republic. The nobility had been formally excluded from the city since 1276, and there was no patrician class in the narrow legal sense as found in other Free Imperial Cities. Unlike the mediatised burghers in monarchically ruled towns governed by authoritarian structures, Hamburg’s free citizens developed a civic culture closely tied to that of England. Though nominally a republic, Hamburg was not a democracy in the modern sense, but rather an oligarchy, governed exclusively by the Hanseaten, a small, purely bourgeois upper class that also existed in the sister republics of Bremen and Lübeck.Zur seit der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts patrizischen Oberschicht Lübecks und zu den Adelsverleihungen von 1641 see Zirkelgesellschaft
Between 1630 and 1650, these three cities formed what became known as the Hanseatic Community (), which succeeded the defunct Hanseatic League that had effectively dissolved at the beginning of the 17th century. It is therefore important to distinguish between the earlier Hanseatic merchants () of the old League and the later Hanseaten as a socio-political class within the three Hanseatic republics.<
By the late 18th century, the Jauch family had become part of this Hanseatic elite. (1765–1855), the last common ancestor of the present-day family, acquired the citizenship (Bürgerrecht) of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg and was subsequently granted the hereditary grand burghership (). August Jauch (1848–1930), a cavalry captain (Rittmeister), served for nearly two decades in the Hamburg Parliament until 1915—when he volunteered for military service in the Landwehr cavalry despite his age. He was one of the last members of Parliament to represent the grand burghers (), a group appointed without direct election by the general burgherry.1913: Inhabitants 1.037.275, entitled to elect deputies of the Hamburg Parliament 83.187, group I 28.479 voters for 48 deputies, group II 48.762 voters for 24 deputies, 5.946 voters in the land territory for 8 deputies, 8.731 landowners elect 40 deputies, 954 notables elect 40 deputies from their ranks.
The rule of the Hanseaten in Hamburg came to an end during the German Revolution of 1918–1919, when workers' and soldiers' councils took control of the city administration.
Land Owners in Hamburg, Lords of Manors in the Kingdom of Denmark
The family held extensive property along the Elbe River, adjacent to the historic timber harbour of Hamburg, with several houses located on the city's protective dyke Stadtdeich. Among these were the Baroque townhouse Stadtdeich No. 10 as well as the nearby properties Stadtdeich No. 3 and Stadtdeich an der Elbseite No. 159 (literally: "Stadtdeich on the Elbe side").
The house at Stadtdeich 10—occasionally also referenced as Stadtdeich 9—was designated a by the City of Hamburg . It was destroyed at the end of July 1943 during Operation Gomorrah, the most devastating aerial bombing campaign in history at that time. British officials later referred to the destruction of Hamburg as “the Hiroshima of Germany.”
Destroyed along with this historical building were the family crypt on the former cemetery in Hamm, Hamburg () and the Auguste Jauch Woman's Home for Needy Widows () located Bürgerweide 59 there.
Around the Outer Alster Lake the Jauch possessed the houses An der Alster 24, An der Alster 28 and Schwanenwik 18. In addition, they possessed country houses on the Bille in Reinbek and in the then popular garden suburb Hamm.
The regions surrounding Hamburg belonged to the Duchy of Holstein and were since 1713 territory of the Kingdom of Denmark, later Province of Schleswig-Holstein in the Kingdom of Prussia. Here became the property of the Jauch Wellingsbüttel Manor, and Krummbek Manor and the estates Fernsicht and Marienhof on the Stör at Kellinghusen and Schwonendal in Karby, Schleswig-Holstein.
Today the Jauch own the Von Othegraven Winery. The manor house, its English garden and the vineyard Kanzemer Altenberg constitute a listed cultural heritage site. The manor house was heavily damaged at the end of the Second World War by the U.S. 10th Armored Division shooting from the other side of the Saar river. It was restored and enlarged between 1954 and 1956. According to Stuart Pigott von Othegraven Winery ″is one of the most beautiful properties″ in the region.
Notables in Hamburg self-government
While the commoners () of the landlocked Imperial States of the Holy Roman Empire were subject to bureaucracy and its civil officialdom (), Hamburg was marked by honorary self-government exercised by the most respected of its free citizens—the Hamburg notables ().
The Jauch mainly served as honorary almoners () for Hamburg’s , as provisors of the , and as board members of their own and other humanitarian foundations. They were among the founders of the Humanitarian Aid for Borgfelde, Hamm and Horn (), which supported poor residents not covered by municipal relief.
In keeping with the Hanseatic tradition of establishing humanitarian foundations, the Jauch maintained a daily soup kitchen () for the poor. They also built and maintained almshouses in Hamburg () and in Wellingsbüttel.
Johann Christian Jauch senior (1765–1855) served from 1820 to 1833 as dyke count and first dyke count () of Hamburg-Hammerbrook. He was in office as first dyke count when the dam failed during the February flood of 1825, 2,000 feet southeast of the Jauch house at Stadtdeich 10 in Hamburg.
Cavalry Officers in the Hamburg Citizen Militia In the Hamburg Citizen Militia the social class and the wealth of the individual predetermined the branch of his service and his military rank – which was the opposite of the Royal Prussian Army where the officer rank made the individual a member of the upper class of society. The most prestigious citizens gladly served as officers in the militia.
The service in the cavalry was generally a badge of high-ranking social status not least because of the high costs caused by maintaining the cavalry horses and the keeping of a groom which had to be borne by each cavalryman himself. All metal parts of a cavalry officer uniform had to be gilded. For these reasons the Hanseatic cavalry was the stomping ground for the grand burghers.
The conscripted members of the family performed their service in the militia as first lieutenants in the cavalry under the cavalry commanders Rittmeister () Ernst Merck and later Rittmeister Adolph Godeffroy.
Ancestors from the Time of the Hanseatic League Among the ancestors of the Hamburg branch of the family are several First Mayors of the city-state of Hamburg, historically equivalent to a sovereign head of state. One of these is (1470–1538) who was the head of the Lutherans in Hamburg, implemented the Protestant Reformation and became the first evangelical mayor of the city.
Progeny Eleonora Maria Jauch (1732–1797) is the ancestress of the Lübeck Hanseatic to which belong her son the burgomaster (head of state) Christian Adolph Overbeck and her grandson the painter and head of the Nazarene movement Friedrich Overbeck.
Other offspring of the Jauch are the Blessed Hanna Chrzanowska, the Nobel Prize-winning novelist Henryk Sienkiewicz, the first International German Golf Champion , the Barons Bolton, owners of the extinct duchy Bolton, branches of Magnates of Poland as the Princes Czartoryski and the Counts Potocki, as well as branches of the Princes Podhorski and the .
Constance Jauch (1722–1802) is the ancestress of the Polish noble which was granted the indygenat by the sejm. Her son Karol Mauricy Lelewel, godson of King Augustus III of Poland, belongs to the fathers of the Constitution of May 3, 1791 which is regarded to be the first modern constitution of Europe, grown out of the spirit of Polish Enlightenment. The Polish historian and rebel Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861), grandson of Constance Jauch, was creator of Poland's unofficial motto "For our freedom and yours". He was member of Poland's Provisional Government in the November Uprising 1830. Czar Nicholas I was dethroned in 1831 as King of Poland under his leadership as president of the radical . His brother Lieutenant Colonel Jan Pawel Lelewel (1796–1847) participated on 3 April 1833 in the Frankfurter Wachensturm, the attempt to start a revolution in all German states.
Colonel (1798–1859), son of Ludovica Jauch (1772–1805), was one of the thirtytwo members of the Emperor Deputation on 3 April 1849 which offered Frederick William IV of Prussia the office of emperor. Lieutenant general of the Waffen-SS Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld, descendant of Eleonora Maria Jauch (1732–1797), was a close friend of Erich Ludendorff and one of the leading figures of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, a failed attempt by Adolf Hitler, to seize power in Germany. Charlotte Jauch's (1811–1872) grandson Otto von Feldmann (1873–1945) was policy officer of Paul von Hindenburg and in charge of the campaign by which Hindenburg became President of Germany in 1925.
History
Origins in Sulza 1512 Georg, Matthias and Nikolaus Jauch were registered as propertied men () in . Matthias Jauch Jauch there was enfeoffed by the sovereign with the Segelitz estate. Georg Jauch (1606–1675) was burgomaster of Sulza.
In Attendance on the Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg
In the 17th century Sulza has been twice devastated, 1613 by the