Aveling is a surname, and may refer to:
Edward Aveling (1849–1898), British comparative anatomist and socialist Eleanor Marx (1855–1898), sometimes called Eleanor Aveling Francis Aveling (1875–1941), Canadian psychologist and Roman Catholic priest Harry Aveling (born 1942), Australian scholar, translator and teacher James H. Aveling (1828–1892), British obstetrician, gynaecologist and historian of medicine Martin Aveling (born 1982), wildlife artist Thomas Aveling (engineer) (1824–1882), English inventor Thomas Aveling (minister) (1815–1884), British Congregational minister Thomas Tipping Aveling (1771–1820), English Anglican priest Valda Aveling (1920–2007), Australian pianist, harpsichordist and clavichordist