Mallorca is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous island) elects three senators. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to two candidates.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.; ; . Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Senators Senators for Mallorca 1977– Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 1 2 1st 1979 1 2 2nd 1982 2 1 3rd 1986 2 1 4th 1989 1 2 5th 1993 1 2 6th 1996 1 2 7th 2000 1 2 8th 2004 1 2 9th 2008 1 2 10th 2011 1 2 11th 2015 1 2 12th 2016 1 2 13th 2019 (Apr) 2 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 2 1 15th 2023 1 2

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results in Mallorca Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 279,209 37.03 +9.58 2 +1 Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands (PSIB–PSOE) 233,965 31.03 +2.99 1 −1 More for Mallorca–Unite (Més–Sumar)1 115,861 15.37 −8.45 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 106,978 14.19 +4.96 0 ±0 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 9,136 1.21 −0.68 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 1,314 0.17 −0.02 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 1,152 0.15 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 6,339 1.61 −0.19 Total 753,954 3 ±0 Valid votes 394,716 97.71 +0.07 Invalid votes 9,263 2.29 −0.07 Votes cast / turnout 403,979 62.32 +4.87 Abstentions 244,270 37.68 −4.87 Registered voters 648,249 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Mallorca Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 178,718 28.04 2 ±0 People's Party (PP) 175,007 27.45 1 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–EUIB) 105,145 16.49 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 58,822 9.23 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 51,858 8.14 0 ±0 More Left (Més–esquerra) 37,727 5.92 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 12,062 1.89 0 ±0 More Country (Más País) 8,978 1.41 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,225 0.19 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,025 0.16 0 ±0 Libertarian Party (P–LIB) 481 0.08 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 6,398 1.80 Total 637,446 3 ±0 Valid votes 354,766 97.64 Invalid votes 8,588 2.36 Votes cast / turnout 363,354 57.45 Abstentions 269,143 42.55 Registered voters 632,497 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Mallorca Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Cosme Bonet Bonet PSOE 107,619 26.60 Susanna Moll Kammerich PSOE 102,887 25.43 María Salom Coll PP 75,485 18.66 • Pep Malagrava Rigo UP–VP 73,961 18.28 • Rosa Cursach Salas UP–VP 73,256 18.10 • Pedro Luis Ribas Dietrich Cs 70,229 17.36 • Miguel Ángel Ramis Socías PP 64,068 15.84 • Beatriz Medina Muñoz-Torrero Cs 61,718 15.26 • Antonio Salvá Verd Vox 46,619 11.52 • Manuela Cañadas Pinilla Vox 37,798 9.34 • Rafel Alexandre Ballester Riutort El Pi 15,798 3.91 • Juana Xamena Terrasa El Pi 13,891 3.43 • Marina Mir García PACMA 11,624 2.87 • José Manuel Miñano Linde PACMA 6,971 1.72 • Irina Martínez Valero Recortes Cero–GV 1,914 0.47 • Maria del Carmen Rodriguez Nieto PUM+J 1,303 0.32 • Jaume Bonet Moll VIA 1,231 0.30 Blank ballots 6,766 1.67 Total 404,540 Valid votes 404,540 97.49 Invalid votes 10,414 2.51 Votes cast / turnout 414,954 66.02 Abstentions 213,607 33.98 Registered voters 628,561 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Senate of Spain election results in Mallorca Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Miguel Ángel Ramis Socías PP 127,994 35.52 Catalina Soler Torres PP 125,126 34.73 Margarita Quetglas Quesada Podemos–EUIB–Més 85,261 23.66 • Juan José Martínez Riera Podemos–EUIB–Més 76,393 21.20 • Natalia Troya Isern PSOE 74,316 20.62 • Francisco Ducrós Salvá PSOE 68,615 19.04 • Francisco Javier Giménez Borrás Cs 44,018 12.22 • Laura Rodeño Hernández Cs 41,179 11.43 • Diana María Martín Hämphälä PACMA 8,651 2.40 • Josep de Luis Ferrer SI 7,973 2.21 • Maria Loreto Amorós i Rotger SI 6,902 1.91 • Arturo Arévalo González PACMA 5,698 1.58 • Juan José Fernández Panadero Recortes Cero–GV 1,604 0.45 • Ana María Mingolla López Recortes Cero–GV 1,326 0.37 • Antonio Romero García UPyD 1,023 0.28 • Gaspar Buades Rul·lan PFyV 807 0.22 • Francina Catalina Martí Capellá UPyD 804 0.22 • Mª Amalia Schmidt Gil Moreno de Mora PFyV 661 0.18 Blank ballots 8,166 2.27 Total 360,333 Valid votes 360,333 97.47 Invalid votes 9,338 2.53 Votes cast / turnout 369,671 60.96 Abstentions 236,788 39.04 Registered voters 606,459 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Senate of Spain election results in Mallorca Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Miguel Ángel Ramis Socías PP 108,368 29.09 Catalina Soler Torres PP 104,558 28.06 Margarita Quetglas Quesada Podemos 77,420 20.78 • José Antonio Manchado Lozano PSOE 67,836 18.21 • Tomás Fernández González Podemos 67,818 18.20 • Natalia Troya Isern PSOE 63,547 17.06 • Javier Antonio González García Cs 45,088 12.10 • Laura Rodeño Hernández Cs 41,169 11.05 • Sara Margarita Martín Comas Més 33,103 8.88 • Salvador Colomé Costa Més 27,424 7.36 • Rafel Alexandre Ballester Riutort El Pi 15,443 4.14 • Lucia Driessen Lladó El Pi 13,283 3.57 • Rafael Polonio Gómez IU–UPB 7,267 1.95 • Diana María Martín Hämphälä PACMA 7,254 1.95 • Josefina Fernández Pérez IU–UPB 7,245 1.94 • José González Sastre PACMA 4,408 1.18 • Francisco Alegret Crespí UPyD 2,026 0.54 • María Victoria Ruiz Martínez UPyD 1,683 0.45 • Juan José Fernández Panadero Recortes Cero–GV 1,486 0.40 • Gaspar Buades Rul·lan PFyV 783 0.21 • Rosalía Cortés Sastre PFyV 659 0.18 Blank ballots 12,182 3.27 Total 372,581 Valid votes 372,581 96.77 Invalid votes 12,439 3.23 Votes cast / turnout 385,020 63.68 Abstentions 219,604 36.32 Registered voters 604,624 Sources

2011

2008

2004

2000

1996

1993

1989

1986

1982

1979

1977 + Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results in Mallorca Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 279,353 53.55 n/a 2 n/a Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 142,912 27.40 n/a 1 n/a People's Alliance (AP) 29,360 5.63 n/a 0 n/a People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 22,007 4.22 n/a 0 n/a Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 16,017 3.07 n/a 0 n/a Balearic Autonomist Union (UAB) 14,402 2.76 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Union of the Balearic Islands (UDIB) 13,411 2.57 n/a 0 n/a National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 2,667 0.51 n/a 0 n/a José Antonio Circles (CJA) 1,508 0.29 n/a 0 n/a Blank ballots n/a Total 521,637 3 n/a Valid votes n/a Invalid votes n/a Votes cast / turnout n/a Abstentions n/a Registered voters 337,758 Sources

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