Asturias—Oviedo until 1986—is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) elects four senators. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.; ; . Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Senators Senators for Asturias 1977– Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 3 1 1978 2 1 1 1st 1979 3 1 2nd 1982 3 1 3rd 1986 3 1 4th 1989 3 1 5th 1993 3 1 6th 1996 1 3 7th 2000 1 3 8th 2004 1 3 9th 2008 3 1 10th 2011 1 3 11th 2015 1 3 12th 2016 1 3 13th 2019 (Apr) 3 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 3 1 15th 2023 1 3

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results in Asturias Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 639,844 37.44 +7.31 3 +2 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 623,444 36.48 −0.85 1 −2 Unite (Sumar)1 223,031 13.05 −3.94 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 177,760 10.40 +4.93 0 ±0 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 13,006 0.76 −0.53 0 ±0 Asturias Exists–Empty Spain (Asturias Existe EV) 11,923 0.70 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 3,693 0.22 +0.09 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 2,075 0.12 −0.13 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,916 0.11 +0.02 0 ±0 State of Spain Unionist Party (PUEDE) 520 0.03 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 11,753 1.99 −0.69 Total 1,708,965 4 ±0 Valid votes 590,334 98.06 +0.16 Invalid votes 11,653 1.94 −0.16 Votes cast / turnout 601,987 62.77 +4.89 Abstentions 357,036 37.23 −4.89 Registered voters 959,023 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Asturias Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 556,010 37.33 +3.07 3 ±0 People's Party–Forum (PP–Foro) 448,793 30.13 +10.33 1 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IX) 236,319 15.87 −0.24 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 101,827 6.84 −9.88 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 81,519 5.47 −4.36 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 19,151 1.29 −0.23 0 ±0 More Country–Equo (Más País–Equo) 16,704 1.12 New 0 ±0 Andecha Astur (Andecha) 4,518 0.30 −0.01 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 3,696 0.25 −0.08 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 1,973 0.13 −0.05 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 1,451 0.10 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,386 0.09 −0.03 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 1,364 0.09 +0.01 0 ±0 Blank ballots 14,770 2.68 +0.54 Total 1,489,481 4 ±0 Valid votes 551,049 97.90 −0.05 Invalid votes 11,832 2.10 +0.05 Votes cast / turnout 562,881 57.88 −7.09 Abstentions 409,699 42.12 +7.09 Registered voters 972,580 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Asturias Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 613,410 34.26 3 +2 People's Party–Forum (PP–Foro) 354,576 19.80 1 −2 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 299,351 16.72 0 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IX–Equo) 288,498 16.11 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 176,075 9.83 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 27,134 1.52 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 5,876 0.33 0 ±0 Andecha Astur (Andecha Astur) 5,600 0.31 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 3,216 0.18 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 2,138 0.12 New 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 1,381 0.08 0 ±0 Blank ballots 13,252 2.14 Total 1,790,507 4 ±0 Valid votes 620,103 97.95 Invalid votes 13,005 2.05 Votes cast / turnout 633,108 64.97 Abstentions 341,383 35.03 Registered voters 974,491 Sources

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1982

1979 + Summary of the 1 March 1979 Senate of Spain election results in Oviedo Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 578,872 38.23 −12.05 3 ±0 Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 489,099 32.30 +1.88 1 ±0 Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 219,145 14.47 New 0 ±0 Democratic Coalition (CD)2 126,285 8.34 −4.64 0 ±0 National Union (UN)3 37,100 2.45 +1.13 0 ±0 Workers' Communist Party (PCT) 14,397 0.95 New 0 ±0 Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC)4 11,056 0.73 −2.24 0 ±0 Asturian Nationalist Council (CNA) 8,309 0.55 New 0 ±0 Falangist Unity–Independent Spanish Phalanx (UF–FI–AT) 7,768 0.51 New 0 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh) 5,134 0.34 New 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 5,086 0.34 New 0 ±0 Republican Left (IR) 4,420 0.29 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 7,493 1.42 Total 1,514,164 4 ±0 Valid votes 528,387 96.92 Invalid votes 16,792 3.08 Votes cast / turnout 545,179 62.74 Abstentions 323,714 37.26 Registered voters 868,893 Sources

1978 by-election After the resignation of Wenceslao Roces due to disagreement with the direction of the Communist Party of Spain, a by-election was called to elect a new senator in Oviedo. This election was held concurrently with a by-election in Alicante.

+ Summary of the 17 May 1978 Senate of Spain by-election results in Oviedo Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 122,419 32.70 n/a 1 +1 Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 87,946 23.49 −6.93 0 ±0 Communist Party of Spain (PCE)1 86,932 23.22 n/a 0 −1 People's Alliance (AP) 55,372 14.79 +1.81 0 ±0 Traditionalist Communion (CT) 8,774 2.34 +1.07 0 ±0 Communist Movement (MC)2 6,099 1.63 −1.34 0 ±0 Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT) 3,328 0.89 New 0 ±0 Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 2,728 0.73 New 0 ±0 Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) 815 0.22 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 0 0.00 Total 374,413 1 ±0 Valid votes 374,413 100.00 Invalid votes 0 0.00 Votes cast / turnout 374,413 47.87 Abstentions 407,653 52.13 Registered voters 782,066 Sources

1977 + Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results in Oviedo Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Democratic Senate (SD) 679,590 39.85 n/a 3 n/a Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 518,850 30.42 n/a 1 n/a People's Alliance (AP) 221,307 12.98 n/a 0 n/a People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 177,795 10.43 n/a 0 n/a Regionalist Unity (UR) 50,698 2.97 n/a 0 n/a National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 22,435 1.32 n/a 0 n/a Traditionalist Communion (CT) 21,641 1.27 n/a 0 n/a Labour Federation (FL) 13,109 0.77 n/a 0 n/a Blank ballots n/a Total 1,705,425 4 n/a Valid votes n/a Invalid votes n/a Votes cast / turnout n/a Abstentions n/a Registered voters 783,206 Sources

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