The leader of the opposition in Southern Rhodesia and Rhodesia was a title held by the leader of the largest political party in the most important house of the legislature that was not in government.
This was the unicameral Legislative Assembly from 1924 to 1970 and the House of Assembly of the bicameral Parliament from 1970 to 1979. They acted as the public face of the opposition, leading the Shadow Cabinet and the challenge to the government on the floor of the legislature. They thus acted as a chief critic of the government and ultimately attempt to portray the opposition as a feasible alternate government.
List of leaders of the opposition in Rhodesia (1924–1979) Portrait Leader Political party Term of officevacantAt the 1924 election, the only opposition MPs elected were independents. No leader of the opposition was recognised.1924–1928 1 Robert Gilchrist Progressive Party / Reform Party 1928–1933 2 Percy Finn Rhodesia PartySubsequently nonpartisan when the Rhodesia Party merged with the Reform Party. 1933–1934 3 Harry DaviesDavies may have ceased to be leader of the opposition when he accepted Godfrey Huggins's invitation to join the government following the 1939 election. Labour Party 1934–1940 4 Donald MacIntyre Labour Party 1940–1946 5 Jacob Smit Liberal Party 1946–1948 6 Raymond Stockil Liberal PartyApparently, the party fell apart during this assembly. 1948–1954vacantAt the 1954 election, the only opposition MPs elected were independents. No leader of the opposition was recognised, although Raymond Stockil and Stewart Aitken-Cade seemed to be recognised as having a leadership role.1954–1958 Raymond Stockil Dominion Party 1958–1959 7 Stewart Aitken-Cade Dominion Party 1959–1960 8 William Harper Dominion Party 1960–1962 9 William Cary Dominion Party 1962 – 14 December 1962 10 Edgar Whitehead United Federal Party 17 December 1962 – 12 February 1965 11 David Butler United Federal Party 12 February 1965 – 7 May 1965 12 Josiah Gondo United People's PartyAt the 1965 election, the Rhodesian Front won all of the 50 constituencies with a mostly white electorate ("A"-roll seats), and the Rhodesia Party opposition won only in the districts which had a mostly black electorate ("B"-roll seats). As a result the Rhodesia Party soon dissolved and had itself replaced by an African opposition party. 7 May 1965 – 25 March 1966 13 Chad Chipunza United People's Party 25 March 1966 – 1966 Josiah Gondo United People's Party 1966 – 21 January 1967 14 Percy Mkudu United People's Party 21 January 1967 – 1969 Chad Chipunza United People's Party 1969–1970vacantAt the 1970 election, the electoral system changed. Although the African MPs formed themselves into parties, the Rhodesian Front government declined to recognise any of them as the formal Opposition and therefore did not have a leader of the opposition. There was a white opposition party, the Rhodesia Party formed by Rhodesian Front defector Allan Savory MP in 1972, but he was not recognised as leader of the opposition either. Neither was the Rhodesian Action Party recognised as the lead opposition party when formed in 1977 — instead the Rhodesian Front government dissolved Parliament and called an early election.1970–1979
Notes
Timeline
References European Politics in Southern Rhodesia, by Colin Leys (1959, Oxford University Press) Rhodesia: The Road to Rebellion, by James Barber (1967, Oxford University Press) White Working Class Disunity: the Southern Rhodesia Labour Party, by M. C. Steele (1st volume 1970, Rhodesian History; article in historical journal, particularly useful in explaining the situation in the 1940–45 period) Some Recollections of a Rhodesian Speaker, by Hon. A.R.W. Stumbles (1980, Books of Rhodesia)