The 89th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1965, to January 3, 1967, during the second and third years of Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1960 United States census.
Both chambers had a Democratic supermajority, and with the election of President Lyndon B. Johnson to his own term in office, maintaining an overall federal government trifecta. This is the last time Democrats or any party had a 2/3rd supermajority in the Senate.
The 89th Congress is regarded as "arguably the most productive in American history". Some of its landmark legislation includes Social Security Amendments of 1965 (the creation of Medicare and Medicaid), the Voting Rights Act, the Higher Education Act, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and the Freedom of Information Act.
Major events
January 4, 1965: President Johnson proclaimed his "Great Society" during his State of the Union Address. January 20, 1965: Inauguration of President Lyndon B. Johnson for a full term. November 8, 1966: United States elections, 1966, including: United States Senate elections, 1966 United States House of Representatives elections, 1966
Major legislation
April 11, 1965: Elementary and Secondary Education Act, July 27, 1965: Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, July 30, 1965: Social Security Act of 1965, (including Medicaid and Medicare) August 6, 1965: Voting Rights Act, August 10, 1965: Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, August 26, 1965: Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, September 9, 1965 Department of Housing and Urban Development Act, , September 29, 1965: National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act, October 3, 1965: Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, (Hart-Celler Act, INS Act) October 6, 1965: Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments, October 20, 1965: Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act, (including Solid Waste Disposal Act) October 22, 1965: Highway Beautification Act, November 8, 1965: Higher Education Act, November 8, 1965: Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments August 26, 1966: Laboratory Animal Welfare Act Now called the Animal Welfare Act April 13, 1966: Uniform Time Act, July 13, 1966: Cotton Research and Promotion Act, September 6, 1966: , which (among other things) enacted what is now called the Freedom of Information Act September 9, 1966: National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, September 9, 1966: Highway Safety Act, October 15, 1966: National Historic Preservation Act, October 15, 1966: National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966, October 15, 1966: Department of Transportation Act, November 2, 1966: Cuban Adjustment Act, November 3, 1966: Comprehensive Health, Planning and Service Act,
Constitutional amendments
July 6, 1965: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution addressing succession to the presidency and establishing procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the vice president, and for responding to presidential disabilities, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification Amendment was later ratified on February 10, 1967, becoming the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Party summary The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate President: Hubert Humphrey (D), starting January 20, 1965 President pro tempore: Carl Hayden (D) Permanent Acting President pro tempore: Lee Metcalf (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader and Democratic Conference Chairman: Mike Mansfield Majority Whip: Russell B. Long Caucus Secretary: George Smathers
Minority (Republican) leadership
Minority Leader: Everett Dirksen Minority Whip: Thomas Kuchel Republican Conference Chairman: Leverett Saltonstall Republican Conference Secretary: Milton Young National Senatorial Committee Chair: Thruston Ballard Morton Policy Committee Chairman: Bourke B. Hickenlooper
House of Representatives Speaker: John W. McCormack (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader: Carl Albert Majority Whip: Hale Boggs Democratic Caucus Chairman: Eugene James Keogh Democratic Caucus Secretary: Leonor Sullivan Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Michael J. Kirwan
Minority (Republican) leadership Minority Leader: Gerald Ford Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends Republican Conference Chairman: Melvin Laird Policy Committee Chairman: John Jacob Rhodes Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Bob Wilson
Caucuses House Democratic Caucus Senate Democratic Caucus
Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1970; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1966; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1968.
Alabama 2. John J. Sparkman (D) 3. J. Lister Hill (D)
Alaska 2. Bob Bartlett (D) 3. Ernest Gruening (D)
Arizona 1. Paul Fannin (R) 3. Carl Hayden (D)
Arkansas 2. John L. McClellan (D) 3. J. William Fulbright (D)
California 1. George Murphy (R) 3. Thomas Kuchel (R)
Colorado 2. Gordon Allott (R) 3. Peter H. Dominick (R)
Connecticut 1. Thomas J. Dodd (D) 3. Abraham Ribicoff (D)
Delaware 1. John J. Williams (R) 2. J. Caleb Boggs (R)
Florida 1. Spessard Holland (D) 3. George Smathers (D)
Georgia 2. Richard Russell Jr. (D) 3. Herman Talmadge (D)
Hawaii 1. Hiram Fong (R) 3. Daniel Inouye (D)
Idaho 2. Len Jordan (R) 3. Frank Church (D)
Illinois 2. Paul Douglas (D) 3. Everett M. Dirksen (R)
Indiana 1. Vance Hartke (D) 3. Birch Bayh (D)
Iowa 2. Jack Miller (R) 3. Bourke B. Hickenlooper (R)
Kansas 2. James B. Pearson (R) 3. Frank Carlson (R)
Kentucky 2. John Sherman Cooper (R) 3. Thruston Ballard Morton (R)
Louisiana 2. Allen J. Ellender (D) 3. Russell B. Long (D)
Maine 1. Edmund Muskie (D) 2. Margaret Chase Smith (R)
Maryland 1. Joseph Tydings (D) 3. Daniel Brewster (D)
Massachusetts 1. Ted Kennedy (D) 2. Leverett Saltonstall (R)
Michigan 1. Philip Hart (D) 2. Patrick V. McNamara (D), until April 30, 1966 Robert P. Griffin (R), from May 11, 1966
Minnesota 1. Eugene McCarthy (DFL) 2. Walter Mondale (DFL)
Mississippi 1. John C. Stennis (D) 2. James Eastland (D)
Missouri 1. Stuart Symington (D) 3. Edward V. Long (D)
Montana 1. Mike Mansfield (D) 2. Lee Metcalf (D)
Nebraska 1. Roman Hruska (R) 2. Carl Curtis (R)
Nevada 1. Howard Cannon (D) 3. Alan Bible (D)
New Hampshire 2. Thomas J. McIntyre (D) 3. Norris Cotton (R)
New Jersey 1. Harrison A. Williams (D) 2. Clifford P. Case (R)
New Mexico 1. Joseph Montoya (D) 2. Clinton P. Anderson (D)
New York 1. Robert F. Kennedy (D) 3. Jacob Javits (R)
North Carolina 2. B. Everett Jordan (D) 3. Sam Ervin (D)
North Dakota 1. Quentin Burdick (D-NPL) 3. Milton Young (R)
Ohio 1. Stephen M. Young (D) 3. Frank Lausche (D)
Oklahoma 2. Fred R. Harris (D) 3. A. S. Mike Monroney (D)
Oregon 2. Maurine Neuberger (D) 3. Wayne Morse (D)
Pennsylvania 1. Hugh Scott (R) 3. Joseph S. Clark Jr. (D)
Rhode Island 1. John Pastore (D) 2. Claiborne Pell (D)
South Carolina 2. Strom Thurmond (R) 3. Olin D. Johnston (D), until April 18, 1965 Donald S. Russell (D), from April 22, 1965 – November 8, 1966 Fritz Hollings (D), from November 9, 1966
South Dakota 2. Karl E. Mundt (R) 3. George McGovern (D)
Tennessee 1. Albert Gore Sr. (D) 2. Ross Bass (D), until January 2, 1967
Texas 1. Ralph Yarborough (D) 2. John Tower (R)
Utah 1. Frank Moss (D) 3. Wallace F. Bennett (R)
Vermont 1. Winston L. Prouty (R) 3. George Aiken (R)
Virginia 1. Harry F. Byrd (D), until November 10, 1965 Harry F. Byrd Jr. (D), from November 12, 1965 2. A. Willis Robertson (D), until December 30, 1966 William B. Spong Jr. (D), from December 31, 1966
Washington 1. Henry M. Jackson (D) 3. Warren G. Magnuson (D)
West Virginia 1. Robert Byrd (D) 2. Jennings Randolph (D)
Wisconsin 1. William Proxmire (D) 3. Gaylord Nelson (D)
Wyoming 1. Gale W. McGee (D) 2. Milward Simpson (R)
House of Representatives
The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Alabama . Jack Edwards (R) . William Louis Dickinson (R) . George W. Andrews (D) . Glenn Andrews (R) . Armistead I. Selden Jr. (D) . John Hall Buchanan Jr. (R) . James D. Martin (R) . Robert E. Jones Jr. (D)
Alaska . Ralph Julian Rivers (D), until December 30, 1966
Arizona . John Jacob Rhodes (R) . Mo Udall (D) . George F. Senner Jr. (D)
Arkansas . Ezekiel C. Gathings (D) . Wilbur Mills (D) . James William Trimble (D) . Oren Harris (D), until February 3, 1966 David Pryor (D), from November 8, 1966
California . Donald H. Clausen (R) . Harold T. Johnson (D) . John E. Moss (D) . Robert L. Leggett (D) . Phillip Burton (D) . William S. Mailliard (R) . Jeffery Cohelan (D) . George P. Miller (D) . Don Edwards (D) . Charles Gubser (R) . J. Arthur Younger (R) . Burt Talcott (R) . Charles M. Teague (R) . John F. Baldwin Jr. (R), until March 9, 1966 Jerome Waldie (D), from June 7, 1966 . John J. McFall (D) . B. F. Sisk (D) . Cecil R. King (D) . Harlan Hagen (D) . Chester E. Holifield (D) . H. Allen Smith (R) . Augustus Hawkins (D) . James C. Corman (D) . Del M. Clawson (R) . Glenard P. Lipscomb (R) . Ronald B. Cameron (D) . James Roosevelt (D), until September 30, 1965 Thomas M. Rees (D), from December 15, 1965 . Edwin Reinecke (R) . Alphonzo E. Bell Jr. (R) . George Brown Jr. (D) . Edward R. Roybal (D) . Charles H. Wilson (D) . Craig Hosmer (R) . Kenneth W. Dyal (D) . Richard T. Hanna (D) . James B. Utt (R) . Bob Wilson (R) . Lionel Van Deerlin (D) . John V. Tunney (D)
Colorado . Byron G. Rogers (D) . Roy H. McVicker (D) . Frank Evans (D) . Wayne N. Aspinall (D)
Connecticut . Emilio Q. Daddario (D) . William St. Onge (D) . Robert Giaimo (D) . Donald J. Irwin (D) . John S. Monagan (D) . Bernard F. Grabowski (D)
Delaware . Harris McDowell (D)
Florida . Robert L. F. Sikes (D) . Charles E. Bennett (D) . Claude Pepper (D) . Dante Fascell (D) . Syd Herlong (D) . Paul Rogers (D) . James A. Haley (D) . Donald Ray Matthews (D) . Don Fuqua (D) . Sam Gibbons (D) . Edward Gurney (R) . William C. Cramer (R)
Georgia . George Elliott Hagan (D) . Maston E. O'Neal Jr. (D) . Bo Callaway (R) . James MacKay (D) . Charles L. Weltner (D) . John Flynt (D) . John William Davis (D) . J. Russell Tuten (D) . Phillip M. Landrum (D) . Robert Grier Stephens Jr. (D)
Hawaii . Spark Matsunaga (D) . Patsy Mink (D)
Idaho . Compton I. White Jr. (D) . George V. Hansen (R)
Illinois . William L. Dawson (D) . Barratt O'Hara (D) . William T. Murphy (D) . Ed Derwinski (R) . John C. Kluczynski (D) . Daniel J. Ronan (D) . Frank Annunzio (D) . Dan Rostenkowski (D) . Sidney R. Yates (D)