Fatimiyya (Arabic: فاطمیة) are a period of mourning observed by Shia Muslims to commemorate the death of Fatima al-Zahra, the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, wife of the first Shia Imam and fourth Rashidun caliph Ali, and mother of Hasan and Husayn, the second and third Shia Imams.‘Fatimiyyah means to oppose the chiefs of oppression…’ al-islam.org Retrieved 10 May 2018“Fāṭimiyyah is ʿĀshūrāʾ” islamicblessings.com Retrieved 10 May 2018The beginning and end date of Fatemiye in this year namnak.com Retrieved 10 May 2018 The observance is associated with differing traditional dates for her death, resulting in two principal periods of mourning known as the First Fatimiyya and Second Fatimiyya.
During these days, Shia Muslims hold mourning ceremonies, religious gatherings, sermons, and elegies in remembrance of Fatima and her suffering. The Fatimiyya period is a total of six days, three days in the month of Jamadi al-Awal and three days in the month of Jumada al-Thani.Tabrizi, Sire (Manner) of Mirza Javvad Atbrizi, pp. 88–92
Time of mourning
Whilst there is no established convention, periods of Fatimiyya such as "the first ten days" (10–20 Jumada al-Awwal) or "the second ten days" (1–10 Jumada al-Thani) are in recent years increasingly commemorated by Shia Muslims much like the first ten days of Muharram, which are traditionally associated with the martyrdom of Husayn. The prominent place of Fatimah in Islam as daughter of Islamic prophet Muhammad, the hardships she endured in her short life, and that she gave her life to defend the first Shia Imam, Ali, are among the reasons Shia Muslims give for the annual remembrance of Fatimah.Mazaheri, Andishehay Naab (pure thoughts), p. 103Tabrizi, Sire (Manner) of Mirza Javvad Atbrizi, pp. 88–92
Fatimiyya in other countries
Apart from Iran and Iraq, Fatimiyya is also observed in other countries, including India, Pakistan,The days of the martyrdom of Hadhrat Fatimah al-Zahra (peace be upon her) in Pakistan irna.ir Retrieved 10 May 2018 Australia,The mourning ceremony of the second Fatimiyya in Australia fa.abna24.com Retrieved 10 May 2018 Azerbaijan, and Tajikistan.The martyrdom of Hazrat Fatimah Zahra (a.s.) tajik.irib.ir Retrieved 10 May 2018 There are also events organized in Europe by the Islamic Centre of Hamburg in Germany,Fatimiyyah days www.shia-news.com Retrieved 10 May 2018 the Islamic Centre of England, and others in Sweden and elsewhere.I am the mourner of Fatimah eghtesadbartar.com Retrieved 10 May 2018
Differences in date
The uncertainty about when Fatimah died is often attributed to multiple factors:
In early Islam, historical events were remembered orally—not in written—which might have led to discrepancies. Muslim civil wars might have meant less attention and care in preserving historical records.The reason of being differences in the date of Hazrat Zahra's (a.s.) martyrdom kayhan.ir Retrieved 26 May 2018Fatimah al-Zahra (a.s.) tasnimnews.com Retrieved 26 May 2018 The Arabic script initially lacked any symbols, including punctuation and diacritic. For this reason, seventy (Arabic: سبعون) and ninety (Arabic: تسعون) were written identically, creating a source of ambiguity for later historians who received the narration, "She [Fatimah] died when she was eighteen years old and seventy five days." The probability of distortion by partial individuals.Shahidi, Seyyed jafar, The life of Fatima-Zahra (a.s.), Tehran, Publishing office of Islamic culture, p. 155
See also Fatimah Attack on Fatimah's house Burial place of Fatimah Children of Muhammad
References