Monarchy referendums are referendums on the establishment, abolition, or restoration of monarchy or on the rules of succession.

Referendums on the establishment, abolition, or restoration of a monarchy +CountryReferendumDateResultFor republic [%]For monarchy [%]Turnout [%]CommentsNotesAlbania1997 Albanian monarchy referendum29 June 1997republic retained66.733.371.64Legitimacy of the results have been called into question by the House of Zogu.Ex-king's son returns to Albania, BBC News Online, 28 June 2002.Australia1999 Australian republic referendum6 November 1999monarchy retained45.1354.8795.1Brazil1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum21 April 1993republic retained86.613.484.3Bulgaria1946 Bulgarian republic referendum8 September 1946monarchy abolished95.64.491.7Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p368 France1804 French constitutional referendumJune 1804republic abolished0.199.9France1852 French Second Empire referendum21 and 22 November 1852monarchy restored3.196.9The Gambia1965 Gambian republic referendum24 November 1965monarchy retained65.8534.1560.46Required 2/3 majority.The Gambia1970 Gambian republic referendum April 1970monarchy abolished70.4529.5590.1Arnold Hughes & David Perfect (2006) A political history of the Gambia, 1816–1994, University of Rochester Press, p346Greece1920 Greek referendum22 November 1920 monarchy restored - - Constantine I returned to the throne.Nohlen & Stöver, p838Greece1924 Greek republic referendum13 April 1924monarchy abolished69.9830.02On 25 March 1924, the Second Hellenic Republic was proclaimed.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p830 Greece1935 Greek monarchy referendum3 November 1935monarchy restored2.197.9The referendum is viewed as having not been free or fair. Nohlen & Stöver, p838see Gazette 456, dated 10.10.1935, p. 2295Greece1946 Greek referendum1 September 1946monarchy retained31.668.486.6Nohlen & Stöver, p838Greece1973 Greek republic referendum29 July 1973monarchy abolished78.621.475.0Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p830 Greece1974 Greek republic referendum8 December 1974republic retained69.230.875.6The Junta had already staged a plebiscite held on 29 July 1973, which resulted in the establishment of the Republic. However, after the fall of the military regime, the new government, under Constantine Karamanlis, decided to hold another one, as Junta legal acts were considered illegal. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p830 Iceland1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum between 20 and 23 May 1944monarchy abolished98.51.598.4Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p961 Iran1979 (March) Iranian Islamic Republic referendum 30 and 31 March 1979monarchy abolished99.30.798Italy1946 Italian institutional referendum2 June 1946monarchy abolished54.345.789.1Luxembourg1919 Luxembourg referendum28 September 1919monarchy retained19.780.372.1Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1244 Maldives1952 Maldivian constitutional referendum 17 and 18 April 1952monarchy abolished964Maldives1953 Maldivian constitutional referendum August 1953monarchy restored2.098.0Maldives1968 Maldivian constitutional referendum15 March 1968monarchy abolished81.2318.7793.35Mexico1863 Mexican emperor referendum4 December 1863monarchy restored010074.76Second Mexican Empire was created; Archduke Maximilian of Austria installed as Maximilian I of Mexico.Norway1905 Norwegian monarchy referendum 12 and 13 November 1905monarchy retained21.0678.9475.3Rhodesia1969 Rhodesian constitutional referendum20 June 1969monarchy abolished81.0118.9980.97Rwanda1961 Rwandan monarchy referendum25 September 1961monarchy abolished79.8520.1595.31Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2009 Vincentian constitutional referendum25 November 2009monarchy retained43.7156.2953.48Kingdom of Sikkim1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum14 April 1975monarchy abolished97.552.4563.02Sikkim was annexed by India a month later.South Africa1960 South African republic referendum5 October 1960monarchy abolished52.2947.7190.77Spain1947 Spanish law of succession referendum6 July 1947monarchy restored4.995.188.6It was a referendum with no democratic guarantees, carried out by a totalitarian state. It appointed Francisco Franco, the current Dictator, as head of state for life until Franco's death or resignation, but also granted him the power to appoint his successor as King or Regent of the Kingdom and thereby formally establish a new Kingdom of Spain.Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1823 Tuvalu2008 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum30 April 2008monarchy retained35.0264.98Vietnam1955 State of Vietnam referendum23 October 1955monarchy abolished98.911.09108.42

Referendums to choose or confirm a new monarch or to change the rules of succession +CountryReferendumDateQuestionResultVote breakdownTurnout [%]CommentsBelgium1950 Belgian monarchy referendum12 March 1950 Whether King Leopold III should return, have his royal powers and duties restored and the regency of Prince Charles, Count of Flanders be terminated King Leopold III returned, with powers and duties restored57.68% in favor, 42.32% opposed92.92 King Leopold III gave up his powers and duties in August 1950, making his eldest son Baudouin, regent. Leopold III later abdicated in July 1951, in favour of Baudouin.Denmark1953 Danish constitutional and electoral age referendum 28 May 1953 Whether agnatic primogeniture should be abolished in determining succession to the Danish throne and replaced with male-preference primogeniture Male-preference primogeniture adopted 78.8% in favoir, 21.2% opposed 59.1Denmark2009 Danish Act of Succession referendum7 June 2009 Whether male-preference primogeniture should be abolished in determining succession to the Danish throne and replaced with absolute primogeniture Absolute primogeniture adopted 85.3% in favour, 14.6% opposed 58.32 40% of electorate votes were required for the change of the act of succession to pass the referendum. 45.16% of the electorate voted in favour of the change.Folkeafstemning Søndag 7. Juni 2009 Danmarks StatistikGreece1862 Greek head of state referendum19 November 1862Who if anyone should succeed Otto as King of the Hellenes after his deposition Prince Alfred of the United Kingdom should be installed as the new monarch - Prince Alfred declined the Greek throne due to pressure from the British government and from his mother, Queen Victoria; Prince William of Denmark was later installed as George I of Greece.The Times, 16 February 1863, p. 6, col. AFinlay, George; Tozer, Henry Fanshawe (editor) (1877), A history of Greece, from its conquest by the Romans to the present time, B.C. 146 to A.D. 1864, vol. VII, Oxford: Clarendon PressRomania1866 Romanian prince referendum20 April 1866 Whether Prince Prince Karl Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen should be installed as Domnitor of Romania after the ouster of Alexandru Ioan Cuza Prince Karl Ludwig confirmed99.97% in favor, 0.03% opposed84.60Prince Karl Ludwig was immediately installed as Domnitor Carol I. His status was elevated to that of King in 1881.

See also Independence referendum

References