Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following. The list consists primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages.

Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing:

Al - the Ibn, bin, banu - son of abu, abi - father of, the one with

A Ali (601, Mecca – 661, Kufa ), Arabic grammarian, rhetoric, theologian, exegesist. Abbas Ibn Firnas, astronomer, mathematician, physicist, inventor Aisha al-Bauniyya (1402–1475), an Arab woman Sufi master and poet Avempace (1085, Zaragoza – 1138, Fez), philosopher, astronomer, physician Ammar al-Mawsili (10th century, b. Mosul), ophthalmologist and physician Ali al-Uraidhi (7th century, b. Medina), Muslim scholar Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal (fl. 1010), physician and ophthalmologist Ali al-Hadi (829, Medina – 868, Samarra), Islamic scholar Ali ibn al-Madini (778, Basra – 849, Samarra), Islamic scholar and traditionalist Ali ibn Ridwan (988, Giza – 1061, Baghdad), astronomer and geometer with Khalid Ben Abdulmelik Ali al-Ridha (765, Medina – 818, Tus), Islamic scholar and theologian Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780, Baghdad – 855, Baghdad), theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist Ahmad al-Muhajir (873, Basra – 956, Al-Husaisa), scholar and teacher Ahmad ibn Yusuf (835, Baghdad – 912, Cairo), mathematician Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri (767, Medina – 856), Maliki jurist Apollodorus of Damascus (50, Damascus – 130), architect, engineer, and designer Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish al-Alami (1140, Jabal Alam – 1227, Jabal Alam), religious scholar of Sufism Abdullah ibn Umar (610, Mecca – 693, Mecca), Islamic scholar and hadith narrator Abd Allah al-Qaysi (d. 885, b. Spain), Muslim jurist and theologian Abd-Allah ibn Ibadh (d. 708, b. Basra), hadith narrator and theologian Abd al-Hamid al-Katib (d. 756), founder of Arabic prose Ibn Abbas (619, Mecca – 687, Ta'if), jurist and theologian Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad (1634, Tarim – 1720, Tarim), Sufi saint and jurist Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi (1146, Jamma'in – 1203), Islamic scholar and a prominent hadith master Abd al-Aziz Yemeni Tamimi (816, Yemen – 944, Yemen), Sufi saint and scholar Abu al-Fazal Yemeni Tamimi (842, Hejaz – 1034, Baghdad), Sufi saint and mystic Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali (603–689, Basra), grammarian Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874, Basra – 936, Baghdad), philosopher, Shafi'i scholar and theologian Abu Jafar al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), an Arab botanist, pharmacologist, physician and scholar Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi (1076, Seville – 1148), Islamic scholar and judge of Maliki law Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam (850–930), mathematician Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala' (689, Mecca – 770, Kufa) linguists and grammarian Abu Bakr al-Aydarus (1447, Tarim – 1508, Aden), religious scholar of Sufism Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Zarqali (1029–1100), was an Arab maker of astronomical instruments and an astrologer Al-Ashraf Umar II (1242, Yemen – 1296, Yemen), astronomer and ruler of Yemen Al-Akhfash al-Akbar (d. 793, b. Basra), Arab grammarian Al-Awza'i (707, Baalbek – 774, Beirut), jurist and theologian Al-Asma'i (739, Basra – 831, Basra), pioneer of zoology, botany and animal husbandry Ibn Abi Asim (821, Basra – 900, Isfahan), scholar, famous or his work in the hadith science Ibn al-'Awwam (12th century, b. Seville), agriculturist and botanist Ibn al-Adim (1192, Aleppo – 1262, Egypt), biographer and historian Ibn al-A'lam (d. 985, Baghdad), astronomer and astrologer Ibn al-Athir (1160, Cizre – 1233, Mosul), historian and biographer Ibn al-Abbar (1199, Valencia – 1260, Tunis), historian, poet, diplomat, theologian and scholar Ibn al-Akfani (1286, Sinjar – 1348, Cairo), Arab encyclopedist and physician Ibn 'Adlan (1187, Mosul – 1268, Cairo), cryptographer and poet Ibn Arabi (1165, Murcia – 1240, Damascus), Islamic scholar and philosopher Ibn Arabshah (1389, Damascus – 1450, Egypt), writer and traveller

B Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī (1547, Baalbek – 1621, Isfahan), philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer Bahlool (d. 807, b. Baghdad), judge and scholar Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad – 1037, Esfarayen), mathematician Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162, Baghdad – 1231, Baghdad), physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveler Al-Baqillani (d. 1013, b. Basra), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer Al-Battani (850, Harran – 929, Samarra), astronomer and mathematician Al-Baladhuri (820, Baghdad – 892, Baghdad), historian Al-Buni (d. 1225), writer and mathematician Al-Bakri (1014, Huelva – 1094, Cordoba), geographer and historian Al-Baji (1156, Beja – 1231, Sidi Bou Said), Sufi mystic and scholar Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi (1256, Marrakesh – 1321), mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and astrologer Ibn al-Baitar (1197, Malaga – 1248, Damascus), pharmacist, botanist, physician Ibn Bassal (b. 1085, Toledo), botanist and agronomist Ibn Bassam (1058, Santarem – 1147), poet and historian Ibn Butlan (1038, Baghdad – 1075), Arab Christian physician

C

Cosmas (d. 287, Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint Calid (d. 704, Homs), Umayyad prince and alchemist Callinicus (3rd century), historian, orator, rhetorician and sophist

D Damian (d. 287, Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint Dawud al-Antaki (b. Idlib – d. 1599, Mecca), physician and pharmacist Dawud Tai (1344–1405), Islamic scholar and Sufi mystic Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi (918, Damascus – 995), Hanbali Islamic scholar Abu Dawood (817, Sistan – 889, Basra), Islamic scholar Al-Damiri (1344, Cairo – 1405, Cairo), zoologist Al-Dakhwar (1170, Damascus – 1230), physician Al-Darimi (797, Samarkand – 869, Muscat), Islamic scholar and muhaddith Al-Dimashqi (1256, Damascus – 1327, Safed), geographer Al-Dimashqi, Abu al-Fadl (12th-century), writer and economist Ibn al-Durayhim (1312–1359/62), cryptologist Ibn Dihya (1150, Valencia – 1235, Cairo), scholar of Arabic language and Islamic studies Ibn Duraid (837, Basra – 934, Baghdad), geographer, genealogist, poet, and philologist Ibn Daqiq al-'Id (1228, Yanbu – 1302), one of Islam's great scholars in the fundamentals of Islamic law and belief, and was an authority in the Shafi'i legal school

F Fatima al-Fihri (800, Kairouan – 880), science patron and founder of the Al Quaraouiyine mosque Fatima bint Musa (790–816), theologian and saint Ibn Fallus (13th century), mathematician Al-Farahidi (c. 718 – 791), writer and philologist, compiled the first dictionary of the Arabic language, the Kitab al-Ayn Al-Fasi, Abu al-Mahasin (1530–1604), Sufi saint Al-Farghani (d. 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus Ibn al-Furat (1334–1405), historian Ibn al-Farid (c. 1181 – 1234), Arabic poet, writer, and philosopher Ibn Fadlan (10th century), writer, traveler, member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars

G Genethlius (3rd century), sophist and rhetorician from Petra Al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), 12th-century oculist Al-Ghassani (1548–1610), physician

H Haly Abenragel (d. 1037), astrologer, best known for his Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm Harbi al-Himyari (8th century), alchemist Hasan al-Rammah (d. 1295), chemist and engineer Hamdallah Mustawfi (1281–1349), geographer Hunayn ibn Ishaq (809–873), Arab Christian scholar, physician, and scientist Heliodorus (3rd century), sophist of Arab origin Hisham ibn al-Kalbi (d. 819), historian Hafsa bint Sirin (651–719), scholar of Islam Harun ibn Musa (d. 786), scholar of the Arabic language and Islamic studies. Harith al-Muhasibi (781–857), philosopher, theologian and Sufi scholar Abu'l-Hasan al-Bayhaqi (1097–1169), astronomer and historian Abu'l Abbas al-Hijazi (12th century), traveler, merchant and sailor Abul Hasan Hankari (1018–1093), philosopher, theologian and jurist Al-Hamdani (893–945), geographer, historian and astronomer Al-Humaydī al-Azdi (1029–1095), historian Al-Harith ibn Kalada (d. 634–35), physician Al-Hilli (1250–1325), Twelver Shia theologian Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam (803–871), Egyptian historian Ibn al-Haj (1250–1336), scholar and theologian writer Ibn al-Haytham (965–1040), physicist and mathematician Ibn Hawqal (943–969), writer, geographer, and chronicler Ibn Hubal (1122–1213), physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium Ibn Hisham (d. 835), historian and biographer Ibn Hajar al-Haytami (1503–1566), jurist and theologian

I Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī (d. 777), mathematician and astronomer Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (670–717), theologian, Islamic scholar Ibrahim al-Nazzam (c. 775 – c. 845), Mu'tazilite theologian and poet Iamblichus (c. 245 – c. 325), Neoplatonist philosopher, mystic and philosopher Iamblichus (c. 165 – 180), novelist and rhetorician Ismail Qureshi al Hashmi (1260–1349), Sufi scholar Ismail al-Jazari (1136–1206), scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan, artist Ismail ibn al-Ahmar (1324–1407), historian Ishaq ibn Hunayn (c. 830 – c. 910/1), physician and translator Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam (1181–1262), theologian and jurist Al-Idrisi (1099–1166), geographer and cartographer Al-ʻIjliyyah, (10th-century), female maker of astrolabes Ibn Abi Ishaq (d. 735), earliest known grammarian of the Arabic language Ibn Ishaq (704–761), historian and hagiographer (1352–1412), Mathematician Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi, geographer, historian, poet, and collector of poetry from al-Andalus (1213–1286).

J Ja'far al-Sadiq (702–765), theologian and alchemist Jabir ibn Aflah (1100–1150), astronomer and mathematician who invented torquetum Jabir ibn Hayyan (died c. 806–816), alchemist and polymath, pioneer of organic chemistry; may also have been Persian Jābir ibn Zayd (8th century), theologian and jurist Al-Jawaliqi (1074–1144), grammarian and philologist Al-Jahiz (776–869), historian, biologist and author Al-Jayyānī (989–1079), mathematician and author Al-Jawbari (fl. 1222), alchemist and writer Al-Jabali (d. 976), physician and mathematician from Al-Andalus Al-Jubba'i (d. 915), Mu'tazili theologian and philosopher Al-Jazari (1136–1206), inventor, engineer, artisan Al-Jarmi (d. 840), grammarian of Arabic Language Ibn al-Jazzar (10th century), influential 10th-century physician and author Ibn al-Jawzi (1116–1201), heresiographer, historian, hagiographer and philologist Ibn Juzayy (d. 1357), historian, scholar and writer of poetry Ibn Juljul (c. 944–c. 994), physician and pharmacologist Ibn Jazla (11th century), physician and author of influential treatise on regimen Ibn Jubayr (1145–1217), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals

K Khalifah ibn Khayyat (777–854), Arab historian Khwaja al-Ansari (1006–1088), Islamic scholar Al-Khalili (1320–1380), astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (1002–1071), Islamic scholar and historian Al-Khayyat (c. 770–c. 835), astrologer and a student of Mashallah Al-Kindi (c. 801–873), Arab philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, physician and geographer Ibn al-Khabbaza (d. 1239), historian and poet Ibn al-Kammad (d. 1195), astronomer Ibn al-Kattani (951–1029), scholar, philosopher, physician, astrologer, man of letters, and poet Ali ibn Khalaf (11th century), astronomer Ibn al-Khatib (1313–1374), polymath, poet, writer, historian, philosopher, physician Ibn Kathir (c. 1300–1373), influential Sunni scholar and historian Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), historian, sociologist, and philosopher

L

Al-Laqani (d. 1631), mufti of Maliki law, a scholar of Hadith, a scholar of theology and author of one of the didactic poems on Ash'ari theology Al-Lakhmi (1006–1085), jurist in the Maliki school

M Malik ibn Anas (711–795), theologian, and hadith traditionist Maslama al-Majriti (950–1007), astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist Moulay Brahim (d. 1661 CE), Sufi saint Mujir al-Din (1456–1522), qadi and historian Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi (1624–1698), mystic, biographer and historian Mohammed al-Arbi al-Fasi (1580–1642), author