This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Cells derived from the ectoderm
Surface ectoderm Skin Trichocyte Keratinocyte
Anterior pituitary Gonadotrope Corticotrope Thyrotrope Somatotrope Lactotroph
Tooth enamel Ameloblast
Neural crest Peripheral nervous system Neuron Glia Schwann cell Satellite glial cell
Neuroendocrine system Chromaffin cell Glomus cell
Skin Melanocyte Nevus cell Merkel cell
Teeth Odontoblast Cementoblast
Eyes Corneal keratocyte
Smooth muscle
Neural tube Central nervous system Neuron Glia Astrocyte Ependymocytes Müller glia (retina) Oligodendrocyte Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)
Pineal gland Pinealocyte
Cells derived from the mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm See main article on Paraxial mesoderm.
Mesenchymal stem cell See Mesenchymal stem cell.
Osteochondroprogenitor cell Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte) Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
Myofibroblast Fat Lipoblast → Adipocyte Muscle Myoblast → Myocyte Myosatellite cell Tendon cell Cardiac muscle cell Other Fibroblast → Fibrocyte
Other Digestive system Interstitial cell of Cajal Spleen
Intermediate mesoderm See main article on Intermediate mesoderm.
Kidney Podocyte Angioblast → Endothelial cell Mesangial cell Intraglomerular Extraglomerular Juxtaglomerular cell Macula densa cell Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell Kidney distal tubule cell Connecting tubule cells α-intercalated cell β-intercalated cell Principal cells
Reproductive system Sertoli cell Leydig cell Granulosa cell Peg cell Germ cells (which migrate here primordially) spermatozoon ovum
Lateral plate mesoderm See main article on Lateral plate mesoderm.
Hematopoietic stem cell Lymphoid Lymphoblast see lymphocytes Myeloid CFU-GEMM see myeloid cells
Circulatory system Endothelial progenitor cell Endothelial colony forming cell Endothelial stem cell Angioblast/Mesoangioblast Pericyte Mural cell
Body cavities Mesothelial cell
Axial mesoderm See main article on Axial mesoderm.
Notochord Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells
Cells derived from the endoderm
Foregut Respiratory system Pneumocyte Type I cell Type II cell Club cell Goblet cell Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell
Digestive system Stomach Gastric enteroendocrine cells G cell Delta cell Enterochromaffin-like cell Gastric chief cell Parietal cell Foveolar cell
Intestine Intestinal enteroendocrine cells S cell Delta cell Cholecystokinin Enterochromaffin cell Goblet cell Brunner's gland cell Paneth cell Tuft cell Enterocyte Microfold cell
Liver and gallbladder Hepatocyte Hepatic stellate cell Cholangiocyte Cholecystocyte
Pancreas Exocrine component of pancreas Pancreatic ductal cells Pancreatic acinar cell Centroacinar cell Pancreatic stellate cell Islets of Langerhans Alpha cell Beta cell PP cell (F cell, gamma cell) Delta cell Epsilon cell
Pharyngeal pouch Thyroid gland Follicular cell Parafollicular cell Parathyroid gland Parathyroid chief cell Oxyphil cell Thymus gland Thymic epithelial cell
Hindgut/cloaca Urothelial cell (renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra) Prostate epithelial cell
See also Germ layer List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
References