Monument Class Description

A Monument Class Description provides a synthesis and summary of the archaeological evidence for a particular type of British ancient monument. The Monument Class Descriptions were created by English Heritage as part of the Monuments Protection Programme.

Because archaeological remains are seldom good subjects for rigorous classification, these monument classes are regarded as provisional. However, they provide a good basis for beginning to understand the variability of the archaeological record in England.

Prehistoric Monuments Early Prehistoric Monuments

Avenues (multi-period) Bank Barrows (multi-period) Bowl Barrows (multi-period) Causewayed Enclosures Concentric Stone Circles Cup and Ring Marked Stones (multi-period) Cursus D-Shaped Barrows Enclosed Cremation Cemeteries (multi-period) Entrance Graves (multi-period) Flint Mines Four Poster Stone Circles (multi-period) Henge Enclosures Henges Hengiform Monuments Inhumation Cemeteries (Prehistoric) (multi-period) Large Irregular Stone Circles (multi-period) Large Regular Stone Circles (multi-period) Long Barrows Long Mortuary Enclosures Long Mounds Monumental Mounds Oval Barrows Pit Circles Pond Barrows Round Barrow Cemeteries (multi-period) Simple Passage Graves Standing Stones (multi-period) Stone Alignments (multi-period) Stone Axe Factories (multi-period) Timber Circles Tor Cairns

Bronze Age

Avenues (multi-period) Bank Barrows (multi-period) Bell Barrows Bowl Barrows (multi-period) Burnt Mounds Cairnfields Clothes Line Enclosures (multi-period) Coaxial Field Systems (multi-period) - see field systems Cross Dykes (multi-period) Cup and Ring Marked Stones (multi-period) Enclosed Cremation Cemeteries (multi-period) Entrance Graves (multi-period) Fancy Barrows Four Poster Stone Circles (multi-period) Hill Figures (multi-period) Hilltop Enclosures (multi-period) Inhumation Cemeteries (multi-period) Irregular Aggregate Field Systems (multi-period) Itford Hill Style Settlements Large Irregular Stone Circles (multi-period) Large Regular Stone Circles (multi-period) Linear Earthworks (multi-period) Martin Down Style Enclosures Multiple Enclosure Forts (multi-period) Rams Hill Style Enclosures Regular Aggregate Field Systems (multi-period) Ring Cairns Round Barrow Cemeteries (multi-period) Springfield Style Enclosures (multi-period) Standing Stones (multi-period) Stone Alignments (multi-period) Stone Circles---Small Stone Hut Circles Unenclosed Bronze Age Urnfields

Iron Age

Banjo Enclosures Cliff Castles Clothes Line Enclosures (multi-period) Coaxial Field Systems (multi-period) - see field systems Cross Dykes (multi-period) Enclosed Oppida Gussage Style Settlements Hill Figures (multi-period) Hilltop Enclosures (multi-period) Inhumation Cemeteries (multi-period) Irregular Aggregate Field Systems (multi-period) Irregular Open Field Systems (multi-period) Large Multivallate Hillforts Large Univallate Hillforts Later Prehistoric Ports Linear Earthworks (multi-period) Multiple Ditch Systems Multiple Enclosure Forts (multi-period) Regular Aggregate Field Systems (multi-period) Romano-Celtic Temples (multi-period) Rounds (multi-period) Springfield Style Enclosures (multi-period) Standing Stones (multi-period) Slight Univallate Hillforts Small Multivallate Hillforts Square Barrows Unenclosed iron Age Urnfields Viereckschanzen (multi-period) Wooton Hill Style Enclosures

Roman Monuments

Aggregate Villages (Romano-British) Amphitheatres (Romano-British) Basilican Temples (Romano-British) Bridges (Romano-British) Canals (Romano-British) Cemeteries (Romano-British) Classical Temples Courtyard Houses Cross Dykes (multi-period) Curtain Frontier Works (Romano-British) Extraction Pits Farmsteads (Romano-British) Fort-Vici (Romano-British) Harbours (Romano-British) Ironworks Irregular Aggregate Field Systems (multi-period) Irregular Enclosed Field Systems (multi-period) Irregular Open Field Systems (multi-period) Major Villas Mausolea (Romano-British) Mines Pharoi Potteries Quarries (Romano-British) Regular Aggregate Field Systems Roads (Romano-British) Romano-Celtic Temples (multi-period) Roman Fishponds Roman Fortlets Roman Fortresses Roman Forts Rounds (multi-period) Romano-British Lime Kilns Romano-British Mansiones Romano-British Salterns Saxon Shore forts Signal Stations Vineyards (multi-period) Viereckschanzen (multi-period) Watermills (Romano-British)

Early Medieval Monuments

Animal Pounds Aristocratic Residences (Saxon) Barrow Fields Coaxial Field Systems (multi-period) - see field systems Colleges (multi-period) Cremation Cemeteries (Anglo-Saxon) Cross Dykes (multi-period) Double Houses (Pre-Conquest) Gate Bridge and Causeway Chapels (multi-period) Hermitages (multi-period) High Crosses Hlaews Inhumation Cemeteries (Anglo-Saxon) Irregular Enclosed Field Systems (multi-period) Irregular Open Field Systems (multi-period) Monastic Granges (multi-period) Moots (multi-period) Nuneries (multi-period) Palaces (Anglo-Saxon) Parish Churches (multi-period) Shrines (Post-Roman) (multi-period) Vineyards (multi-period)

Medieval Monuments

Almshouses (multi-period) Aqueducts (Medieval) Archery Butts (multi-period) Artillery Castles (multi-period) Bastles (multi-period) Beacons (multi-period) Blockhouses (multi-period) Brickworks (Medieval) Camerae Chain Towers (multi-period) Charterhouses Clapper Bridges (multi-period) Cockpits (multi-period) Coastal Fish Weirs (multi-period) Colleges (multi-period) Cottages (multi-period) Coureries Cross Dykes (multi-period) Decoy Ponds (multi-period) Deerparks (multi-period) Double Houses (Post-Conquest) Dovecotes (multi-period) Earthen Artillery Defences (multi-period) Enclosure Castles Field Barns (multi-period) Field Works (multi-period) Fishponds (multi-period) Friaries Frontier Works Glassworks Hermitages (multi-period) Hospitals (multi-period) Ironworks Irregular Enclosed Field Systems (multi-period) Limekilns Magnates Residences Moats Motte and Bailey Castles Motte Castles Monasteries- male (Post-Conquest) Monastic Granges (multi-period) Moots (multi-period) Multi-Span Bridges Nuneries (multi-period) Potteries (Medieval) Parish Churches (multi-period) Quadrangular Castles Regular Enclosed Field Systems (multi-period) Regular Open Field Systems Ringworks River Fisheries (multi-period) Roads Secular Cathedrals Shell Keeps Shielings Single Span Bridges Stockaded Enclosures Shrines (Post-Roman) (multi-period) Tower Keep Castles (multi-period) Trackways Vills Vineyards (multi-period) Warrens Water Meadows Watermills Woods (multi-period)

Post Medieval Monuments

Almshouses (multi-period) Animal Pounds Archery Butts (multi-period) Artillery Castles (multi-period) Bastles (multi-period) Beacons (multi-period) Blockhouses (multi-period) Cathedrals (Post-Reformation) Chain Towers (multi-period) Clapper Bridges (multi-period) Cockpits (multi-period) Coastal Fish Weirs (multi-period) Cottages (multi-period) Decoy Ponds (multi-period) Deerparks (multi-period) Dovecotes (multi-period) Earthen Artillery Defences (multi-period) Field Barns (multi-period) Field Works (multi-period) Fishponds (multi-period) Hospitals (multi-period) Ice Houses Irregular Enclosed Field Systems (multi-period) Martello Towers Mausolea Monastic Granges (multi-period) Non-Conformist Chapels Parish Churches (multi-period) Regular Enclosed Field Systems (multi-period) River Fisheries (multi-period) Tower Houses (multi-period) Tower Keep Castles (multi-period) Woods (multi-period)

External links

English Heritage Monument Class Descriptions