Campephilus is a genus of large American woodpeckers in the family Picidae.Benz, Brett W.; Robbins, Mark B. & Peterson, A. Townsend (2006): Evolutionary history of woodpeckers and allies (Aves: Picidae): Placing key taxa on the phylogenetic tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 389–399.
Taxonomy The genus Campephilus was introduced by English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840, with the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) as the type species. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kampē meaning "caterpillar" and philos meaning "loving". The genus is placed in the tribe Campephilini in the subfamily Picinae and is sister to a clade containing woodpeckers from Southeast Asia in the genera Chrysocolaptes, Blythipicus, and Reinwardtipicus.
Species The genus contains 12 species: Image Common name Scientific name DistributionIUCN status Powerful woodpecker Campephilus pollens Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela Splendid woodpecker Campephilus splendens Panama, western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador Crimson-bellied woodpecker Campephilus haematogasterColombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Red-necked woodpecker Campephilus rubricollisBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Robust woodpecker Campephilus robustus Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Crimson-crested woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos Panama south to northern border regions of Argentina, and on Trinidad. Guayaquil woodpecker Campephilus gayaquilensissouthern Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru. Pale-billed woodpecker Campephilus guatemalensisnorthern Mexico to western Panama. Cream-backed woodpecker Campephilus leucopogon Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and far northwestern Uruguay. Magellanic woodpecker Campephilus magellanicussouthern Chile and southwestern Argentina Ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis Southern United States Cuban ivory-billed woodpeckerCampephilus principalis bairdiiCuba (?†) Imperial woodpecker Campephilus imperialis – possibly extinct (1956 – 2001) Mexico possibly
A fossil species, C. dalquesti, was described from bones found in Late Pleistocene deposits of Scurry County, Texas.
Notes
References