This is a list of World War II conferences of the Allies of World War II. Names in boldface indicate the three conferences at which the leaders of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union were all present. For the historical context see Diplomatic history of World War II. See also the Anglo-French Supreme War Council, which operated from September 1939 until June 1940.
Name(CODE NAME)CityCountryDatesMajor participants:Major resultsU.S.-British Staff Conference(ABC-1) Washington, D.C.January 29 – March 27, 1941American, British, and Canadian military staffSet the basic planning agreement for the U.S. to enter the war. First Inter-Allied Conference London June 12, 1941 Representatives of Britain, 4 Dominions, Free France and 8 Allied governments in exile Declaration of St James's Palace.Atlantic Conference(RIVIERA) Argentia August 9–12, 1941 Churchill and RooseveltAtlantic Charter; proposal for a Soviet aid conference. Second Inter-Allied Conference London September 24, 1941 Eden, Maisky, Cassin, and 8 Allied governments in exile Adherence of all the Allies to the Atlantic Charter principles."The Inter-Allied Council Meeting in London." Bulletin of International News 18, no. 20 (1941): 1275-280. Accessed April 5, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/25643120.First Moscow Conference(CAVIAR) MoscowSeptember 29 – October 1, 1941Stalin, Harriman, Beaverbrook, MolotovAllied aid to the Soviet Union.First Washington Conference(ARCADIA) Washington, D.C. December 22, 1941 – Churchill, RooseveltEurope first, Declaration by United Nations.Third Inter-Allied Conference LondonJanuary 13, 1942 Free France and 8 Allied governments in exile: Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland (Sikorski), Yugoslavia Declaration Punishment for War Crimes, regarding Nazi atrocities against civilians. Second Washington Conference(ARGONAUT)Washington, D.C.June 20 – 25, 1942Churchill, RooseveltMake first priority opening a second front in North Africa, postpone cross-English Channel invasion.Second Claridge Conference LondonJuly 20 – 26, 1942Churchill, Harry HopkinsSubstitute Operation Torch, the invasion of French North Africa, for US reinforcement of the Western Desert campaign.Second Moscow Conference(BRACELET) MoscowAugust 12 – 17, 1942Churchill, Stalin, HarrimanDiscuss reasons for Torch instead of cross-Channel invasion, Anglo-Soviet pact on information and technological exchanges.Cherchell Conference CherchellOctober 21 – 22, 1942Clark, Vichy French officers including Mast Clandestine conference before Torch, some Vichy French commanders agreed not to resist the Allied landings in Morocco and Algeria.David H. Lippman, Casablanca Conference(SYMBOL) Casablanca French MoroccoJanuary 14 – 24, 1943Churchill, Roosevelt, de Gaulle, GiraudPlan Italian Campaign, plan cross-Channel invasion in 1944, demand "unconditional surrender" by Axis, encourage unity of French authorities in London and Algiers.Potenji River Conference NatalJanuary 28 – 29, 1943Roosevelt, VargasCreation of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force.Adana Conference YeniceJanuary 30 – 31, 1943Churchill, İnönüTurkey's participation in the war.Bermuda ConferenceHamiltonApril 19 – 30, 1943American and British delegations separately led by Harold W. Dodds and Richard Law Jewish refugees freed by Allied forces and those still in Nazi-occupied Europe discussed. US immigration quotas not raised, UK prohibition on Jews seeking refuge in Mandatory Palestine not lifted.Third Washington Conference(TRIDENT) Washington, D.C.May 12 – 25, 1943Churchill, Roosevelt, MarshallPlan Italian Campaign, increase air attacks on Germany, increase war in Pacific.Algiers Allied Planning Conference AlgiersMay 29 – June 4, 1943Churchill, Eden, Brooke, Tedder, Cunningham, Alexander, & Montgomery met with Marshall & EisenhowerFinalize plan for Italian Campaign, increase air attacks on Germany, fix date for Operation Husky.First Quebec Conference(QUADRANT) Quebec CityAugust 17 – 24, 1943Churchill, Roosevelt, KingD-Day set for 1944, reorganization of South East Asia Command, secret Quebec Agreement to limit sharing nuclear energy info.Third Moscow Conference MoscowOctober 18 – November 11, 1943Foreign ministers Hull, Eden, Molotov, Fu; and StalinMoscow Declaration.Cairo Conference(SEXTANT) CairoNovember 23 – 26, 1943Churchill, Roosevelt, ChiangCairo Declaration for postwar Asia.Tehran Conference(EUREKA) TehranNovember 28 – December 1, 1943Churchill, Roosevelt, StalinFirst meeting of the Big 3, plan the final strategy for the war against Nazi Germany and its allies, set date for Operation Overlord.Second Cairo Conference CairoDecember 4 – 6, 1943Churchill, Roosevelt, İnönüAgreement to complete Allied air bases in Turkey, postpone Operation Anakim against Japan in Burma.British Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference LondonMay 1–16, 1944Churchill, Curtin, Fraser, King, and Smuts British Commonwealth leaders support Moscow Declaration and reach agreement regarding their respective roles in the overall Allied war effort.Bretton Woods Conference Bretton WoodsJuly 1 – 15, 1944Representatives of 44 nationsEstablishes International Monetary Fund and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.Dumbarton Oaks Conference Washington, D.C.August 21 – 29, 1944Cadogan, Gromyko, Stettinius, and KooAgreement to establish the United Nations.Second Quebec Conference(OCTAGON) Quebec CitySeptember 12 – 16, 1944Churchill, RooseveltMorgenthau Plan for postwar Germany, other war plans, Hyde Park Agreement.Fourth Moscow Conference(TOLSTOY) MoscowOctober 9 – 18, 1944Churchill, Stalin, Molotov, EdenEstablishing post-war spheres of influence in Eastern Europe and Balkan peninsula.Malta Conference(ARGONAUT and CRICKET) Floriana Crown Colony of Malta January 30 – February 2, 1945Churchill, RooseveltPreparation for Yalta.Yalta Conference(ARGONAUT and MAGNETO) YaltaFebruary 4 – 11, 1945Churchill, Roosevelt, StalinFinal plans for defeat of Germany, postwar Europe plans, set date for United Nations Conference, conditions for the Soviet Union's entry in war against Japan.United Nations Conference on International Organization San FranciscoApril 25 – June 26, 1945Representatives of 50 nationsUnited Nations Charter.Potsdam Conference(TERMINAL) PotsdamAllied-occupied GermanyJuly 17 – August 2, 1945Stalin, Truman, Attlee, Churchill (in part, until election defeat of the Conservative Party)Potsdam Declaration demanding unconditional surrender of Japan, Potsdam Agreement on policy for Germany.
In total Attlee attended 0.5 meetings, Churchill 16.5, de Gaulle 1, Roosevelt 12, Stalin 7, and Truman 1.
For some of the major wartime conference meetings involving Roosevelt and later Truman, the code names were words which included a numeric prefix corresponding to the ordinal number of the conference in the series of such conferences. The third conference was TRIDENT, the fourth conference was QUADRANT, the sixth conference was SEXTANT, and the eighth conference was OCTAGON. The last wartime conference was code-named TERMINAL.
See also Allies of World War II Diplomatic history of World War II Grand Alliance (World War II) Four Policemen Greater East Asia Conference List of Axis World War II conferences
References
Further reading What major conferences were held during World War II?, website of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library United States Army Center of Military History Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941 -1942 Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1943 -1944 Washington Command Post: The Operations Division Appendix C: Principals at the international conferences January 1943—September 1944