List of United States court cases involving the Fourteenth Amendment

This is a list of fourteenth amendment cases that have been chosen under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

+Equal Protection ClauseCase nameYearCitationDecisionWard v. Flood187448 Cal. 36upheld separate but equal schools in San FranciscoPlessy v. Ferguson1896163 U.S. 537separate but equal for public facilitiesUnited States v. Wong Kim Ark1898169 U.S. 649 (1898) A child born in the United States to parents of foreign descent is a citizen of the United States unlessCumming v. Richmond County Board of Education1899175 U.S. 528de jure segregation of racesLum v. Rice1927275 U.S. 78separate schools for Chinese pupils from white schoolchildrenRoberto Alvarez v. Board of Trustees of the Lemon Grove School District193166625 Cal. Super.first successful school desegregation court decision in U.S. historyPowell v. Alabama1932287 U.S. 45access to counselMissouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada1938305 U.S. 337states that provide a school to white students must provide in-state education to blacksSmith v. Allwright1944321 U.S. 649Race-based exclusion in political party primaries held unconstitutionalHedgepeth and Williams v. Board of Education1944131 N.J.L. 153NJ Supreme Court case that prohibited racial segregation in NJ schoolsMendez v. Westminster194664 F. Supp. 544prohibits segregating Mexican American children in CaliforniaSipuel v. Board of Regents of Univ. of Okla.1948322 U.S. 631access to taxpayer state funded law schoolsShelley v. Kraemer1948334 U.S. 1restrictive covenantsSweatt v. Painter1950339 U.S. 629desegregated law schools in TexasMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents1950339 U.S. 637prohibited racially unfriendly practices within a state graduate programHernandez v. Texas1954347 U.S. 475the 14th Amendment protects those beyond the racial classes of white or NegroBriggs v. Elliott1952347 U.S. 483Brown case 1 Summerton, South CarolinaDavis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County1952103 F. Supp. 337Brown Case 2 - Prince Edward County, Virginia |- |Gebhart v. Belton |1952 |33 Del. Ch. 144 |Brown Case 2 - Claymont, Delaware |- |Bolling v. Sharpe |1954 |347 U.S. 497 |Brown companion case'''—dealt with the constitutionality of segregation in the District of Columbia |- |Browder v. Gayle|1956 |142 F. Supp. 707 |Montgomery, Alabama bus segregation is unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment protections for equal treatment |- |NAACP v. Alabama|1958 |357 U.S. 449 |privacy of NAACP membership lists, and free association of members |- |Cooper v. Aaron|1958 |358 U.S. 1 |Federal court enforcement of desegregation |- |Boynton v. Virginia|1960 |364 U.S. 454 |Interstate commerce clause prohibits segregation at bus stop restaurant |- |Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States|1964 |379 U.S. 241 |upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |- |Loving v. Virginia|1967 |388 U.S. 1 | banned anti-miscegenation laws |- |Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education|1969 |396 U.S. 1218 |changed Browns requirement of desegregation "with all deliberate speed" to one of "desegregation now" |- |Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education|1971 |402 U.S. 1 |establish bussing as a solution |- |Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson|1971 |404 U.S 1215 |"Brown v. Board of Education was not written for blacks alone", desegregation of Asian schools in opposition to parents of Asian students |- |Milliken v. Bradley|1974 |418 U.S. 717 |rejected bussing across school district lines |- |Regents of the University of California v. Bakke|1978 |438 U.S. 265 |race could be considered among other factors in the college admissions process, but racial quotas under affirmative action are unconstitutional |- |Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1|2007 |551 U.S. 701 |rejected using race as the sole determining factor for assigning students to schools |- |Obergefell v. Hodges|2015 |556 U.S. 14 |the United States Supreme Court ruled that marriage is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, and therefore must be afforded to same-sex couples. The ruling ensured that statewide bans on same-sex marriage could not be held up as constitutional. |- |Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard''2023600 U.S. 181race-based affirmative action programs in college admissions are unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment.