The 2nd Central Committee (2nd CC) of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) was elected at the 2nd Congress on 30 March 1948, and remained in session until the election of the 3rd Central Committee on 29 April 1956. In between party congresses and specially convened conferences the Central Committee is the highest decision-making institution in the WPK and North Korea. The 2nd Central Committee was not a permanent institution and delegated day-to-day work to elected bodies, such as the Political Committee, the Standing Committee, the Organisation Committee and the Inspection Committee in this case. It convened meetings, known as "Plenary Session of the [term] Central Committee", to discuss major policies. Only full members had the right to vote, but if a full member could not attend a plenary session, the person's spot was taken over by an alternate. Plenary session could also be attended by non-members, such meetings are known as "Enlarged Plenary Session", to participate in the committee's discussions. During its tenure it held five plenary sessions, one enlarged session, seven joint plenary sessions and four stand-alone plenums.
A feature of North Korean politics was its factionalism. Four loosely defined factions were struggling for dominance; Kim Il Sung's partisans, domestic communists, the Yanan group and the Soviet Koreans. The 2nd CC, which consisted of 67 members and 20 alternate members, was divided along factional lines. Of the 67 members, 30 had served in the 1st Central Committee. Among those not reelected were Chon Song-hwa and Chong Tal-hyon from the domestic faction. The position of the partisan faction was strengthened, with Kang Kon, Kim Kwang-hyop, Kim Kyong-sok and Pak Kum-chol being elected to the 2nd Central Committee. Despite this, the domestic faction had the most representation on the 2nd CC. Further the 2nd CC reelected Yanan communist Kim Tu-bong as Chairman of the Central Committee while partisan Kim Il Sung and Chu Yong-ha from the domestic group were elected to the office of Vice Chairman. All the members of the 1st Political Committee were re-elected, while two new were added; Kim Chaek and Pak Il-u. Upon the merger of the Workers' Party of North Korea and the Workers' Party of South Korea (WPSK) on 24 June 1949, the 2nd Central Committee merged with the 1st WPSK Central Committee and gained 31 new members. The newly expanded 2nd CC elected Kim Il Sung as chairman and domestic communist Pak Hon-yong and Soviet Korean Ho Ka-i as vice chairmen. Also, Ho Ka-i with domestic communists (and former WPSK members) Yi Sung-yop and Kim Sam-yong were elected First, Second and Third Secretary respectively in charge of administrative affairs. Thirty-six individuals were re-elected to the 3rd Central Committee, of these 29 were original members of the WPNK's 2nd CC.
The first moves to purge the domestic faction from WPK political life began at the 5th Joint Plenary Session, held 15–18 December 1952. In his report to the plenum Kim Il Sung talked about defects in party work and accused certain people, without mentioning names, of lacking proper "Party character", forsaking the masses, not performing duties assigned to them and not criticising party policy through proper party channels. Shortly after the plenary session Yim Hwa was arrested for writing for anti-communist thinking for writing the following lines in a poem; "Forests were put to the fire; houses were burned. If Stalin comes to Korea, there is not a house to put him up for the night." Continuing up to December 1952 several other figures were arrested, such as Kim Nam-chon, Kim Ki-rim, Kim O-song and Kwon O-jik. Several others were secretly arrested as the purge was carried outside the public eye. On 15 February 1953 an editorial in Rodong Sinmun stated that, in line with the 5th Joint Plenary Session, certain factionalists had become a "target of our hatred". Mentioned by name was Yim Hwa, Chu Yong-ha, Kim Nam-chon and Cho Il-hae, but the editorial noted that there were "others" as well. They were charged with "not trusting the Party, and with slandering Party Policy and Party leadership." The editorial noted that the Party had been tolerant of their behaviour, but stated that when given the chance to apologise the accused did not admit their mistakes and/or gave half-hearted apologies. Chu Yong-ha, instead of apologising for his supposed misdeeds, openly criticised the leadership of the WPK. While no public criticism was aired at Pak Hon-yong at the time, he was not heard, seen in public or reported on since February 1953.
Around the same time, the Kim Il Sung group moved against WPK First Secretary Ho Ka-i, who under pressure either committed suicide or was murdered on 2 July 1953. The suicide was announced at the 6th Joint Plenary Session, held on 4–6 August 1953, as well as the expulsion from the party of Pak Hon-yong and other leading WPSK officials. During the plenum, on 3–6 August, a trial conducted by the Military Tribunal Department of the Supreme Court involving twelve defendants was organised. The defendants were accused of spying for the United States Government and infiltrating the North Korean Government and the WPK. Pak Hon-yong, as the ringleader of the alleged conspiracy, was accused of seeking to overthrow the North Korean government and the WPK leadership, and seeking to restore capitalism. Pak Hon-yong was not put on trial before 15 December 1955, in which he was trialled by a special session of the Supreme Court in which the judges were leading politicians of the WPK. He was accused of becoming "a traitor of the revolution" in 1939 and of "disguising himself as a patriot", and was executed for his supposed crimes on 18 December 1955. This supposed conspiracy helped explain North Korea's defeat in the Korean War, and further rationalise Kim Il Sung's growing dominance over the WPK and state machinery.
Plenary sessions Plenum Start–end Length Agenda 1st Plenary Session 31 March 1948 1 day 2nd Plenary Session 12 July 1948 1 day 3rd Plenary Session 24–25 September 1948 2 days 4th Plenary Session 9–14 December 1948 5 days Not made public. 5th Plenary Session 12–13 February 1949 2 days 6th Enlarged Plenary Session 11 June 1949 1 day 1st Joint Plenary Session 24 June 1949 1 day 2nd Joint Plenary Session 15–18 December 1949 3 days 3rd Joint Plenary Session 21–23 December 1950 3 days 4th Joint Plenary Session 1–4 November 1951 4 days 5th Joint Plenary Session 15–18 December 1952 4 days 6th Joint Plenary Session 4–6 August 1953 3 days 7th Joint Plenary Session 21–23 March 1954 3 days March Plenary Session 21–23 March 1954 3 days November Plenary Session 1–3 April 1955 3 days April Plenary Session 1–4 December 1955 4 days December Plenary Session 2–3 December 1955 2 days References:
Members 1st Plenary Session (1946–49) Full Rank NameHangul Level of government(Offices held) 1st CC 3rd CC Inner-composition Background 2nd POC 2nd STC 2nd ORG 2nd INS 1 Kim Tu-bong Old Reelected Chairman Chairman Yanan 2 Kim Il Sung Old Reelected Member Member Member Partisan 3 Ho Ka-i Old Demoted Member Member Member Soviet 4 Chu Yong-ha Old Expelled Member Member Domestic 5 Kim Chaek Old Demoted Member Member Partisan 6 Choe Chang-ik Old Reelected Member Member Yanan 7 Pak Il-u Old Demoted Member Member Yanan 8 Pak Chong-ae Old Reelected Member Member Domestic 9 Kim Kyo-yong Old Demoted Partisan 10 Chong Chun-taek New Reelected Member Partisan 11 Pak Chang-ok New Reelected Member Soviet 12 Kim Il Old Reelected Member Partisan 13 Kim Chae-uk Old Demoted Member Soviet 14 Kim Hwang-il New Reelected Domestic 15 Kim Yol Old Demoted Member Member Soviet 16 Choe Kyong-dok Old Demoted Domestic 17 Kim Min-san Old Demoted Yanan 18 Choe Suk-yang Old Demoted 19 Chin Pan-su New Reelected Member Soviet 20 Kang Chin-gon Old Reelected Domestic 21 Han Il-mu Old Reelected Soviet 22 Pak Hun-il Old Reelected Yanan 23 Choe Chae-rin New Demoted Partisan 24 Han Sol-ya Old Reelected Domestic 25 Yi Hui-jun New Demoted Soviet 26 Kang Kon New Demoted Partisan 27 Kim Sung-hwa New Demoted Soviet 28 Ki Sok-bok New Demoted Member Soviet 29 Ho Chong-suk New Reelected Yanan 30 Yi Chung-gun New Demoted Domestic 31 Tae Song-su Old Demoted Soviet 32 Chang Sun-myong Old Demoted Chairman Soviet 33 Kim Ung-gi New Reelected Domestic 34 Kim Ko-mang New Demoted Member Domestic 35 Mu Chong Old Demoted Yanan 36 Pak Chang-sik New Demoted Soviet 37 Yi Puk-myong New Demoted Domestic 38 Pak Hyo-sam Old Demoted Yanan 39 Kim Sang-chol New Reelected Domestic 40 Chang Si-u Old Expelled Domestic 41 Chong Tu-hyon Old Demoted Domestic 42 O Ki-sop Old Reelected Domestic 43 Song Che-jun Old Demoted 44 Kim Chik-hyong New Reelected Domestic 45 Yi Sun-gun Old Demoted Domestic 46 Kim Kwang-hyop New Reelected Partisan 47 Yi Chong-ik Old Demoted Member Domestic 48 Chang Hae-u New Demoted Member Domestic 49 Yi Tong-hwa New Demoted Soviet 50 Yim Hae Old Reelected Partisan 51 Jong Il-ryong New Reelected Member Domestic 52 Pang Hak-se New Reelected Member Soviet 53 Cho Yong New Reelected Yanan 54 Kim Ung New Reelected Soviet 55 Pak Mu New Reelected Yanan 56 Kim Yong-su New Demoted Soviet 57 Chang Chol New Demoted Member Yanan 58 Kim Tae-ryon New Demoted 59 Yi Kwon-mu New Reelected Yanan 60 Kim Kyong-sok New Reelected Partisan 61 Kim Han-jung New Demoted Yanan 62 Pak Yong-son New Demoted Member Member Domestic 63 Ri Yu-min New Reelected Yanan 64 Kim Kwang-bin New Demoted 65 Yi Song-un New Reelected Partisan 66 Pak Kum-chol New Reelected Partisan 67 Kim Chan New Demoted Soviet References:
Alternates Rank NameHangul 1st CC 3rd CC Background 1 Pak Won-sul New Demoted 2 Yi Yong-hwa New Demoted 3 Kim Chin-yo New Demoted 4 Chae Kyu-hong New Demoted 5 Han Ang-chon New Full Yanan 6 Pak Yong-hwa New Demoted 7 Pak Tong-cho New Demoted 8 Kang Yong-chang New Full Domestic 9 Choe Kwang-yol New Demoted Yanan 10 Yi Kyu-hwan New Reelected 11 Nam Il New Full 12 Chang Wi-sam New Demoted Soviet 13 Ko Pong-gi New Full 14 Kim Tae-hwa New Demoted 15 Kye Tong-son New Demoted 16 Kim Tu-yong New Demoted 17 Yi Hyo-sun New Full Partisan 18 Yi Chi-chan New Reelected 19 Yi Yong-som New Demoted 20 Choe Pong-su New Demoted Soviet References:
1st Joint Plenary Session (1949–56)