Junction Park State School is a heritage-listed state school at 50 Waldheim Street, Annerley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1909 to 1910 by the Queensland Department of Public Works and MR Hornibrook. It is also known as the former Thompson Estate State School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 May 2016.
History Junction Park State School opened on its present site in 1891 as the Thompson Estate State School, to accommodate the growing suburban population of a previously rural district on the southern outskirts of Brisbane. Junction Park State School retains two early swimming pools (1910, 1929) and a Depression-era brick school building (1936) with associated concrete retaining walls (c.1935) and brick toilet blocks (1934). Set in landscaped grounds with mature shade trees, the school has been in continuous operation since establishment and has been a focus for the local community as a place for important social and cultural activity.
The Junction Park State School is today located in the suburb of Annerley, part of the traditional lands of the Turrbal and Jagera people. Annerley was originally part of an area called "Boggo", which ran from Dutton Park to Rocky Water Holes (later Rocklea). The Junction Hotel, established at the junction of Boggo Road (now Annerley Road) and Ipswich Road in 1866, was the beginning of a township at that location, known as Boggo until being renamed Annerley in 1892. Local farms, surveyed in the late 1850s, were replaced by suburbs from the late-19th century, due to the area's proximity to South Brisbane. Development was facilitated by construction of the Corinda–Yeerongpilly railway line in 1884 and the extension of an electric tram service from Woolloongabba to Dudley Street (south of the Junction Hotel) in 1899. The tramline was later extended south to Cracknell Road (north of Yeronga Park) in 1914.
The sale of suburban allotments in the Thompson Estate, east of Ipswich Road and west of Norman Creek, between O'Keefe Street in the north and Victoria Terrace in the south, from 1881, led to calls for a local school.Brisbane Courier, 9 November 1881, p.4'McKellar's Official Map of Brisbane and Suburbs (6 Chains to an inch)' 1895, sheets 11, 12 (In 1977 the Thompson Estate was bisected by the new South East Freeway.) By the mid-1880s the nearest schools were at Yeronga (opened as Boggo Primary School in 1871), Coorparoo (1876), and Dutton Park (1884).Buch, p.40
The provision of state-administered education was important to the colonial governments of Australia. National schools, established in 1848 in New South Wales were continued in Queensland following the colony's creation in 1859. Following the introduction of the Education Act 1860, which established the Board of General Education and began standardising curriculum, training and facilities, Queensland's national and public schools grew from four in 1860 to 230 by 1875.Thom Blake, "Educating Queenslanders" in Queensland Historical Thematic Framework, 2007 (rev. 2013 by EHP), p. 2 The State Education Act 1875 provided for free, compulsory and secular primary education and established the Department of Public Instruction. This further standardised the provision of education, and despite difficulties, achieved the remarkable feat of bringing basic literacy to most Queensland children by 1900.Greg Logan and Eddie Clarke, State Education in Queensland: a brief history, a report for the Department of Education, Queensland, 1984, p. 2
The establishment of schools was considered an essential step in the development of early communities and integral to their success. Locals often donated land and labour for a school's construction and the school community contributed to maintenance and development. Schools became a community focus, a symbol of progress, and a source of pride, with enduring connections formed with past pupils, parents, and teachers. The inclusion of war memorials and community halls reinforced these connections and provided a venue for a wide range of community events in schools across Queensland.Project Services, "Mount Morgan State High School" in Queensland Schools Heritage Study Part II Report, for Education Queensland, 2008, pp.4-5Paul Burmester, Margaret Pullar and Michael Kennedy, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, a report for the Department of Education, 1996, pp.87-8
From 30 April 1888 the Thompson Estate Provisional School No. 514 was conducted in a rented four-room cottage in Oxford Street (now between the Pacific Motorway and Norman Creek). A provisional school could be opened with as few as 15 (later 12) pupils. The Board of General Education gave financial assistance to local committees to set up and maintain these schools. The local committee provided a building and found a teacher, and the Board paid the teacher's salary relative to the number of pupils. If the district or town developed, provisional schools were raised to state school status, with purpose-designed school buildings and teacher residences attracting better qualified and more experienced teachers. The school, under Kathleen Barry, initially had 52 pupils, rising to 173 by December 1888. In January 1889 James Joseph Dempsey (head teacher of the school until 1923) replaced Barry, and upon reaching 200 pupils the school was moved to a hall in Regent Street (west of Oxford Street) in August 1889.Dempsey, pp.2, 4Buch, pp.44-6 The school became Thompson Estate State School in January 1891. The delay in the school being upgraded from provisional to state school, despite its rapidly increasing enrolment, was due to the school committee initially being unable to raise the required financial contribution.
While pupil attendance was rising, a permanent site for the school was being sought, alongside community fundraising to obtain one-fifth of the cost of a school as required by the government. In mid-1888, William Stephens, Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, and chairman of the Thompson Estate school committee, asked the Stephens Divisional Board if it would object to the Queensland Government resuming some land for a school. As a result, of land east of Ipswich Road (not including land adjacent to Ipswich Road, which remained a recreation reserve) was donated by the Stephens Divisional Board, although there was some disagreement from a rival school committee over the location.Buch, pp.47-53 William Stephens was also the Mayor of South Brisbane in 1888, 1899, and 1901 The land was reserved for state school purposes on 19 July 1890.Queensland Government Gazette, 1890, Vol 2, p.891Survey Plan N25362, 1890 The land was previously part of Portion 105, purchased in 1859 by Stephen's father Thomas Blacket Stephens, Brisbane's second mayor (1862) and a newspaper proprietor.Buch, pp.9-11 The northern part of Portion 105, plus part of Portion 103 to the east (also previously owned by Thomas Stephens) had been gazetted as a reserve for a manure depot in 1881.Survey Plan S151856 (1859)Queensland Government Gazette, 1881, Vol 2, p.11 This was transferred to the Woolloongabba Divisional Board in 1883, and then to the Stephens Divisional Board (formed in 1886, and named after Thomas Stephens) in 1888Queensland Government Gazette, 1888, Vol 1, p.476Survey Plan N25348, 1889
Between October 1890 and March 1891 a teacher's residence was built at the west end of the school reserve, and a timber school building was constructed further east, on the site of the current brick school building. Between the residence and the school were two small lagoons, on the site of today's oval.Buch, p.56 At this point Waldheim Street was only a track, which was included in the school grounds until the grounds were properly fenced in 1923.Dempsey, p.13 Waldheim Street also acted as the entrance to Waldheim (built c.1901, still extant), the family home of William Stephens, opposite the school
The new school and residence cost £1818. The high-set timber school building was occupied on 31 March 1891.'New School, Thompson Estate', The Telegraph, Friday 3 April 1891, p.2 The school had been designed to accommodate 280 pupils, but 425 turned up on the first day.Dempsey, p.5 Several extensions to the building followed between 1893 and 1900.Buch, p.114 The name of the school also changed to Junction Park State School in 1892.
The grounds at Junction Park State School were initially rough and unfenced. The first Arbor Day was celebrated at the school in May 1891, and 12 of the trees planted were supplied by the Brisbane Botanic Gardens. Arbor Day celebrations began in Queensland in 1890. Aesthetically designed gardens were encouraged by regional inspectors, and educators believed gardening and Arbor Days instilled in young minds the value of hard work and activity, improved classroom discipline, developed aesthetic tastes, and inspired people to stay on the land.Burmester et al, Queensland Schools: A Heritage Conservation Study, pp.4, 48-9
Along with built additions and tree planting, the area of the school also increased. The school grounds were expanded northwards from the 1890 school reserve, largely thanks to the efforts of Dempsey. Residential allotments along Gowrie Street (formerly Ferndale Street), between Harewood Street (formerly Alfred Street) and the eastern end of the school reserve, were gradually acquired.Dempsey, p.9 A residence on Lot 117 became the school caretaker's residence (removed by 1941). A tennis court was opened in 1908 near Gowrie Street, on some of the recently acquired land, and a second court was added in 1913.Buch, pp.100, 109DPW Plan 609-11-7/1, "Junction Park S. School sewerage installation" (1941) By 1934 all but three residential allotments - the two closest to Harewood Street (lots 106, 107) and one between B Block and the 1910 pool (lot 115), had been purchased.DPW Plan 12-20-11-4, "Junction Park Brisbane, new building", 1934 Lots 107 and 115 were later incorporated into the school grounds, which reached its maximum size of by 1982. This included the addition of of land to the east end of the original reserve in 1958.Survey Plans SL3205, (1958)SL9736 (1982) By 1982 the school owned lots 107 to 126, along the south side of Gowrie Road.
As well as tennis courts, other sports facilities were constructed at the school. The early and continuing commitment to play-based education, particularly in primary school, resulted in the provision of outdoor play space and sporting facilities, such as ovals and tennis courts. A cricket pitch was created on the school grounds by 1894, after previously being played on a paddock south of the school reserve. In 1908, the school's military cadets benefited from the establishment of a miniature rifle range at the east end of school grounds. The targets were on the other side of the creek, with the shots passing over the heads of Chinese market gardeners on the creek flats.Buch, pp 78,167 The Australian Government's Ekibin Rifle Range, associated with the nearby Annerley drill hall was also located south of the school.
Another sports facility constructed was a swimming pool, the first of its kind in a Queensland state school. Junction Park State School was already involved in swimming as a sport, using a local waterhole and a dammed section of Ekibin Creek, until a case of typhoid led to a change of venue from the creek to the Peel Street Baths in South Brisbane. Once a water main was extended to Gowrie Street, it was possible to have a swimming pool in the school grounds. Work commenced on a concrete pool in October 1909. By this time the school had an average attendance of 615, out of an enrolment of 700 pupils.