Charles Joseph Marie Ruijs de Beerenbrouck (1 December 1873 – 17 April 1936) was a Dutch politician of the Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP). He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 9 September 1918 until 4 August 1925 and from 10 August 1929 until 26 May 1933.

Early life Charles Joseph Maria Ruijs de Beerenbrouck was born on 1 December 1873 in Roermond, a town with a Bishop's see in the province of Limburg, in the very south of the Netherlands. Born into an aristocratic family, he grew up in a predominantly Catholic community and went to school in Maastricht and in The Hague. He attended the Utrecht University and in 1895, he obtained his master's degree in law at the Leiden University.

He was the son of Gustave Ruijs de Beerenbrouck (1842–1926), Minister of Justice in the Mackay cabinet (founder of the labour and social laws first) and later governor of Limburg (1918).

Career He started his career in 1896 as a lawyer in Maastricht. In 1899 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck became a member of the Maastricht municipal council and in 1905 he was elected to the House of Representatives. Ruijs de Beerenbrouck remained a councillor and a member of parliament until 16 May 1918, when he became Queen's Commissioner of the province of Limburg (in the province of Limburg usually called Gouverneur, or Governor).

Ruijs de Beerenbrouck did not stay in office as Queen's Commissioner for long, as on 9 September 1918 he was appointed as minister of the Interior and "temporary" Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

As Chairman of the Council of Ministers he had to deal with the aftermath of World War I. Although the Netherlands had remained neutral during the conflict, Ruijs de Beerenbrouck nevertheless faced several problems, particularly the return of German troops through the province of Limburg and the exile of the German emperor Wilhelm II.

In November 1918 the leader of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), Pieter Jelles Troelstra, inspired by the Russian Revolution and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, called for a socialist revolution among the working class. However, the revolution attempt of Troelstra met with little enthusiasm. Despite this, the Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet enacted several social reforms in order to satisfy the working class.

The Labour Act of November 1919, for example, introduced an eight-hour day,Britain and the Netherlands Volume 15 By Bob Moore, Henk van Nierop, 1960, P.120 limited night work and provided for (as noted by one study) “establishment of a department of labor inspection.”Civil Affairs Handbook: Netherlands By United States Army Service Forces, 1943, P.59 Laws were passed in 1919 and 1921 that extended workmen's compensation to additional groups, while in 1919 an Invalidity Act was passed which provided (as noted by one study) “life pensions for widows and pensions for orphans to their majority.”"Force of Order and Methods..." An American View Into the Dutch Directed Society By M. Blanken, 2012, originally published in 1976, P.66 That same year, a Health Act was passed which set up a separate inspectorate for child health.Cultures of Child Health in Britain and the Netherlands in the Twentieth Century, Editors: Hilary Marland, Marijke Gijswijt-Hofstra, 2016, originally published in 2003, P.11 The Old Age Pensions Act of November 1919 established voluntary old age insurance for self-employed persons, while the Pensions Act of May 1922 provided pensions for public servants, together with their widows and orphans.Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II Volume 4 Appendix (Synopses, Bibliographies, Tables) Edited by Peter Flora, Walter de Gruyter, 1987, P. 679

In 1919, a High Council of Labour was set up that advised on issues related to workers and social security. The Unemployment Insurance Emergency Act of 1919 provided temporary support to municipal unemployment funds, while the Meat Inspection Act of 1919 sought to prevent the sale of meat and meat products that posed a risk to public health.Mr. P.J.M. (Piet) Aalberse biography by Parlament.com In 1920, the coverage of family allowances was extended to the entire civil service,Monthly Labor Review Volume 18 By United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1924, P.27 while a subsidy scheme was set up that same year to encourage the homebuilding by private individuals and institutions.Mr. P.J.M. (Piet) Aalberse biography by Parlament.com

From 1925 to 1929 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck was Speaker of the House of Representatives.

During his third cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck had to deal with the worldwide Great Depression of 1929 and the early 1930s, which had crippling effects on the Dutch economy, effects which lasted longer than they did in most European countries. The depression led to high unemployment and poverty, as well as increasing social unrest. Ruijs de Beerenbrouck was forced to cut government expenses and to devalue the national currency, the Guilder, but these measures only worsened the effects of the economic crisis.

In February 1933 the third Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet ordered the bombing of the navy cruiser De Zeven Provinciën, when sailors aboard the cruiser, cruising near Sumatra, mutinied because of the cutting of their wages. Twenty three mutineers were killed, resulting in a prolonged controversy and recriminations.

In 1933 Ruijs de Beerenbrouck became Speaker of the House of Representatives again. He remained in office until his death.

Personal life On 15 April 1902, Ruijs de Beerenbrouck married Maria van der Heyden (19 August 1877 – 17 January 1948). Ruijs de Beerenbrouck died on 17 April 1936 at the age of 62 in Utrecht.

Decorations + Honours Ribbon bar Honour Country Date Comment Grand Officer of the Order of the House of Orange Netherlands 1 December 1918 Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown Belgium 5 July 1922 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau Netherlands 4 August 1925 Elevated from Grand Officer (31 August 1923) Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold Belgium 25 August 1925 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion Netherlands 25 July 1927 Elevated from Commander (1 August 1924) Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre Holy See 10 December 1929

+ Honorific Titles Ribbon bar Honour Country Date Comment Minister of State Netherlands 25 July 1927 Style of Excellency

References

External links

Moeyes, Paul: Beerenbrouck, Charkes Ruijs de, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.