Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm

Horns Rev is an offshore wind farm in Danish waters in the North Sea.

The wind farm was built in three phases, the first coming online in 2002, the second in 2009 and the third in 2019. Horns Rev 1, the first phase, was the first large-scale offshore wind farm in the world, with a capacity of 160 MW.Horns Revolution , Modern Power Systems 5 October 2002. Retrieved 11 March 2010.

Horns Rev 1

Horns Rev 1, built by Danish energy company Elsam (later DONG, now Ørsted) was the first large-scale offshore wind farm in the world. Its capacity of 160 MW was four times that of the previous largest, the Middelgrunden at 40 MW.Morgan, Colin. Offshore Wind - State of the Art page 24 Garrad Hassan, 20 October 2004. Retrieved: 19 November 2010.Larsen, Jens H. The World´s largest off-shore windfarm, Middelgrunden 40MW Copenhagen Environment and Energy Office (CEEO), 2001. Retrieved: 19 November 2010. It was the first offshore wind farm in the North Sea, the first to use the monopile foundation type and the first to have its transformer on an adjacent platform rather than onshore.Horns Rev 1 Offshore Wind Farm C4 Offshore Technologies used for the first time at Horns Rev 1 have since become industry standard.

The farm has 80 Vestas V80 wind turbines, each generating 2.0 MW. They were installed by the Danish offshore wind farm services provider A2SEA in 2002, the last turbine coming into operation on 11 December 2002. A guaranteed price of 0.453 DKK/kWh was agreed for the first 42,000 hours of generation.

In 2005, 60% of the wind farm was sold to Vattenfall, also the operator of the park, for DKK2bn.

The turbines are laid out in an oblique 8 by 10 grid over an area of 5 km × 3.8 km, with 560 m between turbines in both directions. A radar measures details of the wind patterns, improving local short-term forecasting.PossPOW: Possible Power of Offshore Wind power plants Technical University of Denmark

The main method of transport to the first wind park is an adapted Eurocopter EC-135 helicopter, used to hoist workers to and from a small platform on each turbine. Sea conditions render the area inaccessible to boats for large parts of the year.

The farm has an availability of 96–97%. Two turbines are burnt out, and uneconomic to replace with less than 10 years left. Grout between monopile and tower was damaged by vibrations, requiring a costly fix.

In 2008, scientists discovered that the rotating blades were mixing the layers of air and forming fog, producing white trails behind its turbines.

Horns Rev 2 In May 2008, Dong Energy began construction of the second wind farm in the Horns Rev area, Horns Rev 2. Construction was completed in September 2009James Kanter. Largest Offshore Wind Farm to Go Online Green Inc., 15 September 2009. and was inaugurated on September 17, 2009 by Prince Frederik on the Poseidon accommodation platform. When inaugurated, Horns Rev 2 was the largest offshore wind farm in the world until Thanet Wind Farm opened on 23 September 2010.Matthew McDermott. "Denmark Inaugurates World's Largest Offshore Wind Farm - 209 MW Horns Rev 2" Treehugger

For the year of 2012, HR2 reached a capacity factor of 52.0%. It receives 51.8 øre/kWh for the first 50,000 hours, paid by electricity consumers. The farm has had some cable outages, and blades are being renovated.

The Horns Rev 2 consists of 91 Siemens Wind Power SWT 2.3-93 wind turbines with a total generating capacity of 209 MW. The foundations are monopiles like on Horns Rev 1.

It has the first offshore wind farm accommodation platform in the world, named Poseidon. It is connected by walkway to the transformer platform,Accommodation Platform , DONG Energy. Retrieved February 2010. and is large with 3 decks and weighs 422 tons. On-site accommodation is cheaper and more efficient than transporting service personnel by boat 2 hours from Esbjerg harbour away. A turbine is visited 10 times a year on average, mostly for routine service, and 1-2 times for fixing faults.Krøyer, Kent. I kamp mod bølgerne: Teknikere besøger hver havmølle 10 gange om året (in Danish) Ing.dk, 14 December 2009. Accessed: 14 January 2015. Flying people by helicopter to turbines like on Horns Rev 1 is not possible on Horns Rev 2 as the turbines there are not built for it, although the transformer platform has a helipad.Naming Ceremony , DONG Energy. Retrieved February 2010. Poseidon has 24 rooms of 12 square meters each fitted with TV and internet. There is a gym, kitchen, dining room, laundry room, and a study room. Inspired by Poseidon, a similar platform is being built at the DanTysk wind farm.Wittrup, Sanne. Vattenfall bygger verdens største beboelsesplatform ved havmøllepark (in Danish) Ing.dk, 14 January 2015. Accessed: 14 January 2015.

Horns Rev 3 In April 2012, most of the Danish Folketing (parliament) agreed to send out tenders in 2013 for a 400 MW wind farm at Horns Rev called Horns Rev 3, and a 600 MW at Kriegers Flak in the Baltic Sea, both likely receiving 90 øre/kWh for the first 50,000 hours. This is expected to raise wind power in Denmark above the 39% of annual electricity production (as of 2014),Rasmussen, Jesper Nørskov. "Vindmøller slog rekord i 2014 " Energinet.dk, 6 January 2015. Accessed: 6 January 2015. which includes the 400 MW Anholt Offshore Wind Farm.Dyrskjøt, Mette. "Two giant offshore wind park tenders in 2013" Dagbladet Børsen, 23 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012."Energinet kicks off 1GW offshore work" reNews, 23 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012. The Danish Energy Agency expects construction candidates for Horns Rev 3 to have experience with installing and operating a large offshore wind farm."Danish Officials Seek Experienced Bidders" OffshoreWind, 11 October 2013. Retrieved: 12 October 2013."Draft for prequalification criteria for the tender of Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm " Danish Energy Agency, 10 October 2013. Retrieved: 12 October 2013. Some of the area is an old minefield from World War Two.Wittrup, Sanne. "70 tyske miner kan forsinke kommende havmøllepark " Ingeniøren, 23 February 2015. Accessed: 23 February 2015. Four bidders were qualified for the tender.Wittrup, Sanne. "Horns Rev 3 er en godbid " Ingeniøren, 16 February 2015. Accessed: 12 March 2015.

Vattenfall won the tender in February 2015, at a price of 77 øre/kWh, well below the 105 øre at Anholt.Wittrup, Sanne. "Svenske Vattenfall skal bygge Danmarks næste havmøllepark " Ingeniøren, 26 February 2015. Accessed: 26 February 2015. Vattenfall states that they bid unaggressively against strong competition without sacrificing margins.Nielsen, Michael Korsgaard. "Vattenfall: Vi har ikke presset indtjeningen" Berlingske, 12 March 2015. The price reduction contributes to a smaller "green subsidy" (PSO) over the next years.Wittrup, Sanne. "Regnefejl, billig vind og sene kystmøller sænker prisen på grøn omstilling " Ingeniøren, 27 March 2015. Accessed: 27 March 2015.PSO prediction Horns Rev 3 consists of a total of 49 MHI Vestas V164-8.3 MW units, capable of producing 406.7 MW."Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm " Vattenfall, 27 June 2016. Accessed: 29 October 2016. Three transformers were installed in July 2016. The first turbines started to produce electricity for the grid in December 2018,"First power for Horns Rev 3" 4C Offshore, 24 December 2018. Accessed: 04 January 2019. and the last turbine was installed in January 2019.Wittrup, S. (21 January 2019). Alle 49 havvindmøller på plads på Horns Rev 3. ing.dk. Retrieved 15 August 2019. The official inauguration of Horns Rev 3 was on 22 August 2019.Mathiesen, K. (6 August 2019). Hvide Sande snupper Horns Rev 3-service fra Esbjerg: Havnedirektør er stadig fortrøstningsfuld. JydskeVestkysten. Retrieved 15 August 2019.

Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm

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