Bristol Bill (c. 1802 –1882) was an Anglo-American burglar and counterfeiter. His most well known crimes include the 1845 Poughkeepsie Barge Robbery, involvement in the 1849 Drury Torpedo Case, and the 1850 stabbing of Vermont State's Attorney Bliss N. Davis at a sentencing hearing on counterfeiting charges.
Early life Early details of Bill's life are sketchy. In 1850, George Thompson published a pamphlet titled "Life and Exploits of Bristol Bill", which traces his youth and career up to that point.Bristol Bill, The St Johnsbury Caledonian (St Johnsbury, Vermont) 27, May 1903, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15898195/bristol_bill_the_st_johnsbury/Thompson, George, Life and exploits of the noted criminal, Bristol Bill. M.J. Ivers & Co. New York, 1850 From the 1850 Thompson account, Bill was born in about 1802 and his early life was spent in Liverpool, London, Bristol (from where Bill got his moniker) and other large cities in the United Kingdom. Bill's real name is not revealed, and his father is supposed to have one time been a member of the British Parliament. Bill himself, Thompson writes, attended Eton College. Thompson reports that he later spent several years in the UK involved in petty crime before he was arrested and sentenced to transportation to Botany Bay. After five years, Thompson writes, he escaped Australia by swimming to a boat off shore. He arrived in New York, and continued his previous career of crime.Bristol Bill, Green-Mountain Freeman (Montpelier, Vermont) 5 Sep 1850, page 1, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897191/bristol_bill_greenmountain_freeman/
Name and nicknames A number of criminals took the moniker Bristol Bill or English Bill. It is unclear if there is any connection between these individuals. In 1931, a man called Bristol Bill was convicted of highway robbery under the name of George Wesson in Winchester, UK.[No Headline], The Times (London, England) March 23, 1831, page 4, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15896356/no_headline_the_times_london/ In 1845, a man called English Bill was arrested in New York for robbery under the name John Miller.[No Headline], New-York Tribune (New York, New York) May 26, 1845, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15896417/no_headline_newyork_tribune_new/ In 1849, a man called English Bill was arrested in Baltimore for escaping the Moyamensing prison in Philadelphia under the name William Barry.The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland), 28, Feb 1849, page 1, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15896443/the_baltimore_sun_baltimore/ The most common aliases of Bills were William Warburton and William Darlington. William's companion, Margaret O'Connor, claimed in 1851 that Bill's true name was William Eady.Another Name for "Bristol Bill", The Weekly Wisconsin (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) 1 Jan 1851, page 3, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897311/another_name_for_bristol_bill_the/
Early career in America Bill soon came to know some of the leading criminals in New York, including Joseph C. Ashley, Samuel Drury, Catherine Davenport, Jim "Cupid" Downer, William Parkinson, James Honeyman, Dick Collard, James Arlington Bennet, and William "One-Eyed" Thompson. With some in this group, Bill became involved in the 1845 Poughkeepsie Barge robbery led by Honeyman, who was already famous for his part in the 1831 City Bank of New York theft. In 1847, Bill was again a perpetrator of a famous burglary, this time of the jewelry stores of Currier & Trott and of Widdefield & Company.in Boston. In 1847, Bill began his connection with counterfeiter, Margaret O'Connor, and pimp, James Edgerton, and Bill was staying with Edgerton when he was arrested, although he was soon released. O'Connor may have been the same person as another noted counterfeiter, Ann Nugent. In 1848, under the name William Darlington, Bill was arrested along with Charles Garret, Joseph Murray, and John Clark in 1948.[No Headline] Brooklyn Evening Star (Brooklyn, New York) September 26, 1848, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15896482/no_headline_brooklyn_evening_star/
Drury torpedo affair In 1849, Samuel Drury and Lawyer Thomas Warner were involved in a dispute, and Drury sent a bomb to Warner, which did not succeed in killing the man. New York Police Gazette editor George Wilkes decided he wanted to solve the case and hired Bill and One-Eyed Thompson, whom Drury trusted, to trick Drury into confession.Attempted Assassination in New York, The Guardian (London, England) December 8, 1849, page 4, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15896825/attempted_assasination_in_new_york_the/ In order to get close to Drury, Thompson engaged with Drury's son in counterfeiting. While this was successful, once in jail, Drury sought revenge on Thompson by getting him arrested on counterfeiting charges. Among those who took the stand was an old friend of Bill's, Catherine Davenport. On the stand, Davenport claimed that she had two children by Bill. Many other people testified, including O'Connor and eventual Bristol Bill associate Christian Meadows, and ultimately Thompson was acquitted.
Arrest and assault on Davis Bill was reported to have moved to California, but ended up in Vermont.The Celebrated English Burglar, The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland) 14 Mar 1850, page 1, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15896890/the_celebrated_english_burglar_the/ In the fall of 1849, he moved to Groton, Vermont to the farm of Ephram Law with a woman many then believed to be his wife, Margaret O'Connor. There he, O'Connor, and Christian Meadows set about planning more counterfeiting and bank robberies. However, Thompson discovered their whereabouts and traded this information to the police. Under the name William H. Warburton, Bill was arrested in Groton for burglary and owning materials which can be used to counterfeit bank bills. Along with Bill were arrested Margaret O'Conner, Christian and Isabells Meadows, Law, and two others. Soon after, Law died in custody.Important Arrests, Vermont Watchman and State Journal (Montpelier, Vermont) 21 Mar 1850, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15896948/important_arrests_vermont_watchman_and/Another Scene in the Career of Bristol Bill, New-York Tribune (New York, New York), 7 Jul 1855, page 3, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897675/ At the trial, the two other accomplices turned state's evidence and Bill and Christian Meadows were convicted.Trial and Conviction of Bristol Bill, The Buffalo Daily Republic (Buffalo, New York) 18, Jun 1850, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15896985/
During his sentencing in the St. Johnsbury courtroom, he stabbed the prosecuting attorney, Bliss N. Davis, with a knife he had smuggled from dinner.Writers, Federal. The Wpa Guide To Vermont: The Green Mountain State. Trinity University Press, 2013. p351-352 Davis later recovered.Recovered, The Weekly Wisconsin (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) 14 Aug 1850, page 1, accessed December 19, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15878963/recovered_the_weekly_wisconsin/The Attempt of Bristol Bill Upon the Life of Mr. Att'y Davis of Vt. The Burlington Free Press (Burlington, Vermont) 28 Jun 1850, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897018/ In August, Bill made a failed attempt to escape jail.Attempt to Escape by Bristol Bill, Hartford Courant (Hartford, Connecticut) 17 Aug 1850, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897233/attempt_to_escape_by_bristol_bill/ That same month, O'Conner escaped from the New York City Prison, but was recaptured on board a ship at dock shortly before it set sail for Liverpool, UK.Arrest of Margaret O'Connor, Pittsburgh Daily Post (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) 8 Aug 1850, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897076/arrest_of_margaret_oconnor_pittsburgh Later that year, Bill claimed that he was being whipped in prison, but this claim was denied.Bristol Bill and Christian Meadow, Brooklyn Evening Star (Brooklyn, New York) 27 Aug 1850, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897253/bristol_bill_and_christian_meadow/ O'Connor died of dysentery on September 15, 1851.Margaret O'Connor, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle (Brooklyn, New York) 17 Sep 1851, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897402/margaret_oconnor_the_brooklyn_daily/ Meadows was pardoned out of prison in 1853.[No Headline] The Burlington Free Press (Burlington, Vermont) 25 Jul 1853, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897478/no_headline_the_burlington_free_press/ In 1855, it was reported that Bill tried again to escape prison, but this report was denied.[No Headline] The Burlington Free Press (Burlington, Vermont) March 14, 1855, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897508/no_headline_the_burlington_free_press/[No Headline] Green-Mountain Freeman (Montpelier, Vermont) 29 Mar 1855, page 3, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897517/no_headline_greenmountain_freeman/ It was also reported that year that Bill was pardoned, but this was denied as well.[No Headline] The Burlington Free Press (Burlington, Vermont) 3 Jul 1855, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897574/no_headline_the_burlington_free_press/ In January 1856, Bill's sentence for counterfeiting was up and he was sentenced to seven more years for his assault of Davis.Caged Again, Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, Virginia) 19 Jun 1856, page 4, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897703/caged_again_richmond_dispatch/ In 1859 it was again reported that Bill escaped, and in this occasion was shot and killed while fleeing, but this was again denied.Bristol Bill, The Burlington Free Press, (Burlington, Vermont) 10 Mar 1859, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897731/bristol_bill_the_burlington_free/ In December of that year he was pardoned by Vermont Governor Hiland Hall.[No Headline] The Burlington Free Press (Burlington, Vermont) 13 Dec 1859, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897765/no_headline_the_burlington_free_press/
Freedom Out of jail, Bill was arrested in January 1860 in Providence, Rhode Island for breaking into a grocery store and stealing a barrel of flour.[No Headline] Hartford Courant (Hartford, Connecticut) 24 Jan 1860, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897804/no_headline_hartford_courant/ Bill jumped bail and was arrested in August in Boston and returned to Rhode Island.Arrest of a Famous Burglar, The Buffalo Daily Republic (Buffalo, New York) 1 Sep 1860, page 1, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897837/arrest_of_a_famous_burglar_the_buffalo/ He was again arrested for robbing a house in Providence in April 1861.[No Headline] Vermont Phoenix (Brattleboro, Vermont) 11 Apr 1861, page 2, accessed December 20, 2017 at https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15897860/no_headline_vermont_phoenix/